Abstract: A recirculating aquaculture system automatically controls ammonia, bacteria, solids, and feed quantity available to a captive species in a closed, water-based habitat. Functionally Independent processing loops operate in parallel on recirculating water streams, to control each of ammonia, bacteria, solids, and feed. The same or similar components, such as an electrolytic cell, may service one or more functional loops.

Abstract: A pressure vessel (28) accumulates an aqueous stream at elevated pressure and feeds it through a pressure retaining array of passages (18) in the bottom wall of a modular reaction chamber (14) that operates at atmospheric pressure. Spaced electrodes (16) treat the stream during upward flow to the open top of the chamber, where the treated stream overflows the chamber and falls into an inter-wall volume between the chamber and an outside housing (12), washing foam from the housing and chamber as it exits. A housing cover (54) establishes headspace over the chamber to accommodate the overflow. The entire chamber (14) is removable from the housing (12) by loosening fasteners (39) in the bottom wall (20) and lifting it free, with no impediment due to clogging or corrosion outside the chamber.

Abstract: A recirculating aquaculture system automatically controls ammonia, bacteria, solids, and feed quantity available to a captive species in a closed, water-based habitat. Functionally Independent processing loops operate in parallel on recirculating water streams, to control each of ammonia, bacteria, solids, and feed. The same or similar components, such as an electrolytic cell, may service one or more functional loops.

Abstract: A pressure vessel (28) accumulates an aqueous stream at elevated pressure and feeds it through a pressure retaining array of passages (18) in the bottom wall of a modular reaction chamber (14) that operates at atmospheric pressure. Spaced electrodes (16) treat the stream during upward flow to the open top of the chamber, where the treated stream overflows the chamber and falls into an inter-wall volume between the chamber and an outside housing (12), washing foam from the housing and chamber as it exits. A housing cover (54) establishes headspace over the chamber to accommodate the overflow. The entire chamber (14) is removable from the housing (12) by loosening fasteners (39) in the bottom wall (20) and lifting it free, with no impediment due to clogging or corrosion outside the chamber.

Abstract: A rail-tie connecting clip engagement/disengagement apparatus for slidably attaching opposite bottom portions of a rail to a tie thereunder with clips each having an outer portion having opposite lateral openings; wherein a first rail side of said apparatus, used to engage/disengage one bottom side of the rail to the tie with one clip, comprises: a) a pair of similar opposite lateral arms, each having an inner hooked end portion to engage one of the lateral openings, a central pivot portion, and an outer end portion carrying one of a cam and a cam follower; b) the other of the cam and the cam follower, being an actuating arm, motivated by the outer end portion thereof to cause appropriate engagement/disengagement of the hooked end portions in the opposite lateral openings of the clip; c) bias means to maintain the cam in contact with the cam follower; and, d) lateral arm longitudinal movement means to jointly move the arms to and away from the rail, to thereby push/pull the clip when engaged by the hooked end

Abstract: A railroad frog assembly is provided with a spring wing rail multi-position holdback subassembly that continuously retains the spring wing rail in each spring wing rail open position when activated by the wheels of a railcar traversing the frog assembly, and that automatically deactivates the multi-position holdback subassembly and releases the spring wing rail from retention in an open condition and for complete closing after the last railcar wheel has passed through the frog assembly.

Abstract: A locking device is disclosed, comprising a locking mechanism having a locked position and an unlocked position, a hollow plunger member having a central axis, the hollow plunger member being engaged with the locking mechanism to move the locking mechanism alternatively into the locked and unlocked positions upon reciprocating linear motion of the hollow plunger member in first and second directions along its central axis, and a motor having a shaft disposed coaxial with the central axis of the hollow plunger member is disclosed. In one embodiment, the locking device further comprises a spring having first and second ends, the first end being fixed to the motor shaft, and a pin fixed to the hollow plunger member for engaging the second end of the spring such that when the motor shaft rotates in a third direction the hollow plunger member moves in the first direction and when the motor shaft rotates in a fourth direction the hollow plunger member moves in the second direction.