Abstract: The present invention relates to a cascade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, more precisely a cascade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using magnetic microparticles (MMPs) immobilized with the target antigen specific primary antibody and silica nanoparticles (SPs) immobilized with a cascade reaction initiator and the antigen-specific secondary antibody. When the method of the present invention is applied in the detection of an antigen in biosamples, the detection sensitivity can be significantly increased.

Abstract: The memory device includes a first tunnel insulation layer pattern on a semiconductor substrate, a second tunnel insulation layer pattern having an energy band gap lower than that of the first tunnel insulation layer pattern on the first tunnel insulation layer pattern, a charge trapping layer pattern on the second tunnel insulation layer pattern, a blocking layer pattern on the charge trapping layer pattern, and a gate electrode on the blocking layer pattern. The memory device further includes a source/drain region at an upper portion of the semiconductor substrate. The upper portion of the semiconductor substrate is adjacent to the first tunnel insulation layer pattern.

Abstract: A linear power amplifier system using pulse area modulation includes: an envelop/phase decomposer for decomposing an input signal into an envelop signal and a phase signal; a pulse area modulator for modulating the envelop signal such that an area of the modulated envelop signal is proportional to an amplitude of the envelop signal; a control signal generator for converting the modulated envelop signal into a control signal; an automatic gain adjuster for equalizing pulse height of the modulated envelop signal; a mixer for mixing the phase signal with the output of the automatic gain adjustor to produce a RF pulse train; a power amplifier for amplifying the RF pulse train, to generate an amplified RF pulse train; and a band pass filter for restoring the original input signal from the amplified RF pulse train. The output level of the power amplifier is controlled by the control signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of communicating data for a digital mobile station, and more particularly a data transmitting and receiving apparatus and method capable of transmitting and receiving graphic and/or data using a Short Message Service (SMS). According to the present invention, an SMS message comprises an SMS header field and an SMS user data field, wherein the SMS user data field comprises a data transmission header field and a data field. The data transmission header field comprises a code field to indicate one of plural types of data associated with data contained in the data field of the SMS user data field, a data transmitting and receiving apparatus and method capable of transmitting and receiving graphic and/or audio data using a Short Message Service (SMS). Further, an SMS message comprises an SMS header field and an SMS user data field, wherein the SMS user data field comprises a data transmission header field and a data field.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a non-volatile semiconductor memory device and method of forming the same. The non-volatile memory device may include a tunnel insulation layer on a semiconductor substrate, a charge storage layer on the tunnel insulation layer, a first blocking insulation layer on the charge storage layer, and a gate electrode on the first blocking insulation layer, wherein the gate electrode includes aluminum and the first blocking insulation layer does not include aluminum.

Abstract: The memory device includes a first tunnel insulation layer pattern on a semiconductor substrate, a second tunnel insulation layer pattern having an energy band gap lower than that of the first tunnel insulation layer pattern on the first tunnel insulation layer pattern, a charge trapping layer pattern on the second tunnel insulation layer pattern, a blocking layer pattern on the charge trapping layer pattern, and a gate electrode on the blocking layer pattern. The memory device further includes a source/drain region at an upper portion of the semiconductor substrate, The upper portion of the semiconductor substrate is adjacent to the first tunnel insulation layer pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a semiconductor substrate and first and second transistors. The first transistor may have a first gate structure on the semiconductor substrate, and the first gate structure may include a first gate insulating layer between a first gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate. The first gate insulating layer may include first and second dielectric materials with the second dielectric material having a greater dielectric constant than the first dielectric material. Moreover, the first gate electrode may be in contact with the second dielectric material. The second transistor may have a second gate structure on the semiconductor substrate, with the second gate structure including a second gate insulating layer between a second gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate. Related methods are also discussed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel structure of light emitting material and an organic light emitting diode using the same.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, a gate signal-inputting unit, a first test unit, and a first dummy switching unit. The gate lines extend in a first direction. The data lines extend in a second direction intersected with the first direction. The gate signal-inputting unit is formed at a first end of each of the gate lines to apply gate signals to the gate lines. The first test unit is formed at a second end of each of the gate lines opposite to the first end applying a first test signal to the gate lines. The first dummy switching unit is formed between the gate signal-inputting unit and the first test unit and transferring the first test signal to the gate lines.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a gate electrode, a method of forming the gate electrode, a transistor having the gate electrode, a method of manufacturing the transistor, a semiconductor device having the transistor and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The gate electrode may include an embossing structure including a metal or a metal compound and having a first work function and a conductive layer pattern having a second work function formed on the embossing structure. A work function of the gate electrode may be adjusted between a work function of the embossing structure and a work function of the conductive layer pattern formed on the embossing structure. An NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor having different work functions respectively may be formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate divided into an NMOS region and a PMOS region, a first gate pattern formed on the PMOS region, and a second gate pattern formed on the NMOS region. The first gate pattern includes a first gate oxide layer pattern, a metal oxide layer pattern, a silicon nitride layer pattern and a first polysilicon layer pattern that are sequentially stacked. The second gate pattern includes a second oxide layer pattern and a second polysilicon layer pattern. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas cylinder, for improving sealing characteristics of the gas cylinder and improving convenience in manufacturing, including: a valve having a gas opening/closing pin at a through hole in its center, for intermittently passing a gas, and additionally having a valve dividing body seated on a groove approximately in a lower part of the through hole; a spindle to an upper inside of which the valve is inserted; and a piston inserted to an inside of an open cylinder of the spindle, and having, a step threshold formed at a predetermined distance from an upper end, to which an O-ring for maintaining sealing is fit, and having another step threshold ranging from a lower side of the step threshold to a lower end on an inner lateral surface of the piston, to which an O-ring is fit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a column unit which connects a chair sheet to a base in which a wheel is installed. The present invention provides a column unit which comprises a base tube having a lower end portion vertically fixed to a base of a chair and having the hollow interior; a spindle having the interior filled with a pressure gas and divided to upper and lower chambers by a piston, an upper end portion of a piston rod being connected to the piston, a lower end portion of the piston rod being rotatably installed at the lower end portion of the inner side of the base tube, the upper and lower chambers are communicated by a bypass, a valve being installed at the bypass; and a guide sleeve installed between the base tube and the spindle and engaged with the spindle to be integrally moved upward and downward together with the spindle.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus effectively generates plasma in a large area by applying an external magnetic field generated by an electromagnet to the plasma in a direction which is not in parallel with a wall of a plasma container, such that the magnetic field diverge or converge in the vicinity of a work piece (for example, a wafer). The plasma processing apparatus includes a power supply to generate a high frequency power, an antenna to receive the high frequency power and to generate an electromagnetic field, a chamber to generate the plasma using power generated through the electromagnetic field, and a coil provided on a side wall of the chamber to disrupt a uniformity of the electromagnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of Formula 1 and an organic light emitting device using the same. In Formula 1, R1, R2, and R3 each independently is selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, an 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, and a pyrene.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The disclosed device includes a first substrate including a plurality of gate and data lines defining a plurality of pixel regions, heating conductive lines having first conductive lines formed substantially in parallel with the gate lines and second conductive lines formed substantially in parallel with the data lines, thin film transistors (TFT) connected to the corresponding gate lines and data lines, and pixel electrodes connected to the corresponding TFTs. The disclosed device also includes a second substrate including a plurality of color filters formed corresponding to the pixel regions, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the second conductive lines is separated from at least one of the first conductive lines.

Abstract: An organic electronic device. The device includes a first electrode to inject or extract hole, the first electrode including a conductive layer and an n-type organic compound layer disposed on the conductive layer, a second electrode to inject or extract electron, a p-type organic compound layer disposed between the n-type organic compound layer and the second electrode. The p-type organic compound layer forms an NP junction between the n-type organic compound layer and the p-type organic compound layer. The energy difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of the n-type organic compound layer and a Fermi energy of the conductive layer is about 2 eV or less, and the energy difference between the LUMO energy of the n-type organic compound layer and a highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the p-type organic compound layer is about 1 eV or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound that can significantly improve the lifespan, efficiency and thermal stability of an organic light emitting device, and to an organic electroluminescence device or light emitting device comprising the compound in an organic compound layer is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of communicating data for a digital mobile station, and more particularly a data transmitting and receiving apparatus and method capable of transmitting and receiving graphic and/or data using a Short Message Service(SMS). According to the present invention, an SMS message comprises an SMS header field and an SMS user data field, wherein the SMS user data field comprises a data transmission header field and a data field. The data transmission header field comprises a code field to indicate one of plural types of data associated with data contained in the data field of the SMS user data field, a data transmitting and receiving apparatus and method capable of transmitting and receiving graphic and/or audio data using a Short Message Service(SMS). Further, an SMS message comprises an SMS header field and an SMS user data field, wherein the SMS user data field comprises a data transmission header field and a data field.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method of transmitting and receiving storage data for a digital mobile station, and more particularly a data transmitting and receiving apparatus and method capable of transmitting and receiving a large capacity of data using a short message service. According to the data transmitting method, stored data is read and encoded in a data transmission mode, and inherent distinction data transmission headers are generated according to the completion of the data encoding, the encoded data and the generated data transmission headers are formed into the user data of a short message service, and short message service blocks including the user data of the short message service are transmitted.