Abstract: An operating method of a controller, comprising: generating, when a first ECC decoding operation to codeword read from a semiconductor memory device according to a hard read voltage fails, an optimization information corresponding the result of the first ECC decoding operation; generating one or more quantization intervals determined by the optimization information; and performing a second ECC decoding operation to codeword read from the semiconductor memory device according to soft read voltages determined by the quantization intervals and the hard read voltage, wherein the optimization information includes: deterioration information of a memory block; ECC decoder parameter information; and constituent code parameter information.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses the laminated ceramic chimp component including an element part having a ceramic main body and an internal electrode placed in the ceramic main body; an external electrode part having a first external electrode and a second external electrode, the first and second external electrodes being provided with side electrodes covering both side surfaces of the ceramic main body, respectively, upper electrodes covering portions of both sides of an upper surface of the ceramic main body, respectively, and lower electrodes covering portions of both sides of a lower surface of the ceramic main body, respectively; and a nano thin film layer formed of electric insulation material and applied to a region including the upper electrodes, the method for manufacturing the same and the atomic layer deposition apparatus for the same.

Abstract: An operating method of a controller includes generating a square message matrix of k×k; and generating an encoded message by encoding the square message matrix row by row through a Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, wherein the square message matrix includes an upper triangular matrix and a lower triangular matrix, which are symmetrical to each other with reference to zero-padding blocks included in a diagonal direction in the square message matrix, wherein the upper triangular matrix includes “?” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?+1”, and “(N??)” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?”, and wherein “?”, “?” and N have relationships represented by equations 1 and 2: ? = ? M N ? [ Equation ? ? 1 ] ? = M ? ? mod ? ? N [ Equation ? ? 2 ] where “M” represents a size of a message input from a host and “N” represents a number of message blocks forming the upper triangular matrix.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. A distance between an internal surface of the lens barrel and an optical axis varies in a circumferential direction of the lens barrel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cylindrical battery cell in which a heat-shrinkable tube wraps an outer surface of a cylindrical case of the cylindrical battery cell except electrode terminals, the heat-shrinkable tube including: a base material, which is a polyester resin, capable of shrinking by heat; a supplement, which is a nylon resin, capable of increasing a tensile strength and operating temperature of the heat-shrinkable tube; and an ultraviolet stabilizer capable of inhibiting a chain reaction of free radicals generated by cleavage of polymer chains of the nylon resin or the polyester resin, when the heat-shrinkable tube is exposed to an ultraviolet ray irradiation.

Abstract: A composition for preventing or reducing nephrotoxicity, and use thereof are provided, the composition including a Hypoxylon truncatum extract or an active component thereof.

Abstract: A piston assembly for a damper includes: a piston head; a piston rod having one end connected to the piston head, forming an inner space therein, and having another end at which an opening communicating with the inner space is formed; a wire having one end connected to an electric device mounted on the piston head and extending through the inner space of the piston rod; and a connector disposed at the other end of the piston rod and connected to another end of the wire. The connector includes a socket part rotatably disposed in the opening at the other end of the piston rod, and a plug part inserted into the socket through the opening of the other end of the piston rod. A self-alignment structure is provided in the socket part and the plug part and is configured to rotate the socket part such that the socket part is aligned at a predetermined orientation with respect to the plug part when the plug part is inserted into the socket part.

Abstract: An operating method of a controller, comprising: generating, when a first ECC decoding operation to codeword read from a semiconductor memory device according to a hard read voltage fails, an optimization information corresponding the result of the first ECC decoding operation; generating one or more quantization intervals determined by the optimization information; and performing a second ECC decoding operation to codeword read from the semiconductor memory device according to soft read voltages determined by the quantization intervals and the hard read voltage, wherein the optimization information includes: deterioration information of a memory block; ECC decoder parameter information; and constituent code parameter information.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device; and a controller suitable for encoding a message, storing the encoded message in the memory device and decoding the encoded message, wherein the controller is suitable for generating a message matrix including predetermined row codes and predetermined column codes symmetrical to the predetermined row codes, with the message or the encoded message using a block-wise concatenated Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code with a symmetrical structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a damping force variable valve assembly, which is installed in a damping force variable shock absorber for adjustment of a damping force of the shock absorber, includes at least: a solenoid that generates a magnetic force when an electric current is supplied thereto; a plunger configured to be moved by the magnetic force of the solenoid; a spool that is moved together with the plunger and change a damping force between a hard mode and a soft mode by changing an inner passage of the damping force variable valve assembly; and a spool position determination member that locates the spool at a fail position, which does not correspond to the hard mode and the soft mode, so as to maintain the damping force of the shock absorber at a medium level between the hard mode and the soft mode upon fail of the solenoid.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for stimulating insulin secretion from cells, the composition including a Hypoxylon truncatum extract or an active ingredient thereof, and a method of stimulating insulin secretion from cells.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating skin cancer and a method of preventing or treating skin cancer in a subject by using the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition includes a Panax spp. plant extract as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A piston assembly for a damper includes: a piston head; a piston rod having one end connected to the piston head, forming an inner space therein, and having another end at which an opening communicating with the inner space is formed; a wire having one end connected to an electric device mounted on the piston head and extending through the inner space of the piston rod; and a connector disposed at the other end of the piston rod and connected to another end of the wire. The connector includes a socket part rotatably disposed in the opening at the other end of the piston rod, and a plug part inserted into the socket through the opening of the other end of the piston rod.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate manufacturing method and a ceramic substrate manufactured thereby, may include a seed layer, a brazing filler layer, and a metal foil that are laminated on a ceramic substrate and that are brazed such that the metal foil is firmly bonded to the ceramic substrate by a brazing joint layer. Such methods and devices may substantially improve the adhesion of the metal foil and the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens and a lens barrel accommodating the lens. A distance between an internal surface of the lens barrel and an optical axis varies in a circumferential direction of the lens barrel.

Abstract: An operating method of a controller includes generating a square message matrix of k×k; and generating an encoded message by encoding the square message matrix row by row through a Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, wherein the square message matrix includes an upper triangular matrix and a lower triangular matrix, which are symmetrical to each other with reference to zero-padding blocks included in a diagonal direction in the square message matrix, wherein the upper triangular matrix includes “?” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?+1”, and “(N??)” numbers of message blocks, each of which has a size of “?”, and wherein “?”, “?” and N have relationships represented by equations 1 and 2: ? = ? M N ? [ Equation ? ? 1 ] ? = M ? ? mod ? ? N [ Equation ? ? 2 ] where “M” represents a size of a message input from a host and “N” represents a number of message blocks forming the upper triangular matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a touch sensor for a touch screen panel, a method for manufacturing the touch sensor, and a touch screen panel including the touch sensor. The method includes: forming an electrode layer on a transparent substrate; forming a nanofiber layer on the electrode layer through electrospinning; and forming a porous electrode layer by etching the electrode layer using the nanofiber layer as an etching mask. Through this method, a touch sensor including a touch sensing circuit pattern provided with a plurality of exposure pores to expose the transparent substrate therethough is produced. Due to the pores formed in the touch sensing circuit pattern, visibility is ensured and durability and flexibility are improved. Furthermore, due to irregularity of line patterns of the touch sensing circuit pattern, a moire problem is solved and visibility of a touch screen panel is dramatically improved.