Abstract: A circuit for controlling clock skew has a plurality of delay elements placed in each of the clock output paths in a clock distribution circuit. The delay elements may be selectively switched into or out of each clock output path in order to adjust the delays of each clock output path so that the skew between clock outputs is minimized. The delay in each clock output path is determined by measuring the frequency of a ring oscillator created by connecting a feedback loop across the delay elements. The frequency of oscillation is measured as delay elements are switched into or out of each clock output path until the frequency reaches close to a target frequency.

Abstract: A data communication system for general purposes having a new ternary carrier frequency shift keying (TCSK) signal. The system is applied to a utility load control by transmission of a sub-carrier of an FM broadcast channel. It is decoded by a receiver, SCA decoder, TCSK filter and a two level or binary converter and used to communicate to a pre-programmed microprocessor which enables various load control functions to be performed. The general system also is given for a QPSK (quadraphase shift keying) operating system.A data transmission filter is split between the transmitter and receiver and is operated in cascade to give individual interference filtering at each end of the transmission while also providing combined action and wave shaping. A high accuracy FM decoder using zero crossing detection enables data recovery with simple circuits. A novel random time load restoration circuit for ramp-up is disclosed. A fail safe relay operator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A digital indicating torque wrench comprising a shaft having a high modulus of elasticity and including a handle at one end, and an elongate actuating arm including a free end which moves with respect to the shaft in response to the application of torque to a workpiece. Displacement measuring means comprising an optical encoder measures the relative movement between the actuating arm and the shaft and provides deflection signals which are related to the amount of relative movement. A programmed microcomputer responsive to the deflection signals converts the amount of deflection into signals representing the amount of torque applied to the workpiece, and displays a visual representation of the applied torque.

Abstract: A charge coupled device has a semi-insulating semiconductor for a substrate. Resistivity of the semiconductor is at least 10.sup.6 ohm cm. A semi-conductive layer is grown epitaxially or is implanted on the substrate to form a thin, active, charge transport layer. A row of parallel, closely spaced gates on the charge transport layer provides individual storage wells in the charge transport layer. In a preferred embodiment, ohmic contacts adjacent the first and last gates in the row of gates provide a means for injecting a signal into the charge transport layer and a means for detecting the signal. Preferably, the substrate is semi-insulating GaAs and the gates are Schottky barrier gates.