Abstract: Among other things, two networks, one on top of the other, are formed on a substrate based on coating materials containing emulsions or foams. The two networks can be formed of the same material, e.g., a conductive material such as silver, or can be formed of different materials. The coating materials forming the different networks can have different concentration of network materials.

Abstract: A composition comprising metal nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid carrier that includes a continuous liquid phase and a dispersed liquid phase, where the composition is in the form of an emulsion. One of the continuous liquid phase or dispersed liquid phase includes at least 40 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the composition, of an aqueous phase, and the other of the continuous liquid phase or dispersed liquid phase includes an oil phase that evaporates more quickly than the aqueous phase. The metal nanoparticles are present in an amount no greater than 4 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the composition. When the emulsion is coated onto a surface of a substrate and dried to remove the liquid carrier, the metal nanoparticles self-assemble to form a coating comprising a network-like pattern of electrically conductive traces defining cells that are transparent to light.

Abstract: Among other things, two networks, one on top of the other, are formed on a substrate based on coating materials containing emulsions or foams. The two networks can be formed of the same material, e.g., a conductive material such as silver, or can be formed of different materials. The coating materials forming the different networks can have different concentration of network materials.