Abstract: A laser mirror mounting arrangement for a laser formed within a laser body is shown. The mounting arrangement includes a mounting base mounted upon the laser body. A stem is attached to the mounting base to which, in turn, the laser mirror is mounted. The stem has a coefficient of thermal expansion selected to maintain the mirror in a fixed position. This is accomplished by permitting the stem to expand due to thermal expansion in one direction, while the laser body expands due to thermal expansion in the opposite direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave ring resonator is disclosed wherein field distribution of electromagnetic waves are spatially rotated about the direction of propagation of such waves in said resonator. With such arrangement the electromagnetic field distribution rotation produces a phase difference between waves of opposite polarization senses, thereby enabling the waves to resonate with different frequencies. In a laser gyroscope the electromagnetic field distribution may be achieved by a catoptric arrangement which reduces the loss, scatter and linear birefringence associated with the ring resonator of the gyroscope.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave ring resonator is disclosed including means to spatially rotate the electromagnetic field distribution of waves resonant therein about the direction of propagation of such waves to enable such waves to resonate with opposite senses of circular polarization, and means, including a laser amplifier medium, to provide different indices of refraction to resonant waves of the same sense of circular polarization as they pass through such laser amplifier medium in different directions. With such arrangement the two mentioned means enable the waves to resonate with four different frequencies. In a laser gyroscope using such ring resonator the electromagnetic field distribution rotating means includes a catoptric arrangement which, together with the last-mentioned means, reduces the loss, scatter and linear birefringence associated with the ring resonator included in such gyroscope.