Abstract: The disclosure relates to an additive and the method of adding the additive to the electrolyte of a Hall-type cell in order to facilitate and improve the activation of the melt of the Hall-type cell. The additive decreases the impedance of the melt to the high energy impulses used in activation of the melt by increasing the dielectric constant of the melt. The additive is a high dielectric material selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium titanate, and titanium oxide.

Abstract: An electrolyte, containing alkali halide, is physically transformed by means of activation-triggering energy falling within a continuum of parameters defining threshold and maximum limits. The activation-triggering energy comprises various ionizing and subionizing forms. The resultant energy state exists in the frozen or molten condition and, in the latter, it is maintained for economically long periods either by a simultaneously induced chain reaction which is nearly powered by the heat of the material or by continuous exposure to radiation. Refurbishing impulses continue the effect.

Abstract: An electrolyte, containing alkali halide, is physically transformed by means of activation-triggering energy falling within a continuum of parameters defining threshold and maximum limits. The activation-triggering energy comprises various ionizing and subionizing forms. The resultant energy state exists in the frozen or molten condition and, in the latter, it is maintained for economically long periods either by a simultaneously induced chain reaction which is nearly powered by the heat of the material or by continuous exposure to radiation. Refurbishing impulses continue the effect.