Abstract: There are disclosed are a diastereomer salt of formula (1): a process for producing the same, a process for producing optically active 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid of formula (2′): a novel optically active amine compound of formula (4): a novel optically active amine compound of formula (8): an imine compound of formula (7) or (11):

Abstract: A process for producing a purified aryl vinyl sulfone solution, characterized in that an aryl vinyl sulfone is crystallized from an organic solvent solution of a crude aryl vinyl sulfone to give a crystallization mixture, and a wet cake of the aryl vinyl sulfone obtained by the separation of the solution from the said mixture is dissolved in a solution-forming solvent selected from ethers of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbons of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, halogenated hydrocarbons of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ketones of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, esters of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and nitrites of 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an acid salt of a (Z)-2-aminothiazole compound of the formula (I): 1

Abstract: There is disclosed an advantageous mixed acid anhydride production method of formula (1):

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an acid salt of a (Z)-2-aminothiazole compound of the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Y represents a halogen atom, —OSO3H or —OPO(OH)2, m indicates the valence number of an inorganic acid of the formula: HY wherein Y represents the same as defined above, and n indicates an integer of 1 or 2, which process is characterized by: reacting an acid salt of a 2-aminothiazole compound of the formula (II): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, X represents a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and the wavy line means that this compound is a mixture of the E- and Z-isomers, with the inorganic acid of the formula HY.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing an essentially enantiomerically pure N-protected-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid of formula (1): which method is characterized by: subjecting a crude enantiomerically excess N-protected-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid comprising said enantiomer represented by formula (1) in excess to the other enantiomer thereof to crystallization in an organic solvent selected from aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic ether, aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic ketone, aliphatic nitrile, aliphatic amide, aliphatic sulfoxide, aliphatic ester and a mixed solvent thereof, wherein R is: an optionally substituted alkyl, alicyclic or alicyclicalkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, or a dialkylamino group, and absolute configuration of the asterisked asymmetric carbon atom is S or R.

Abstract: A flexible hose having an air-permeability and formed either: by sandwiching an air-permeable tape between the tape end edge portions, as leading and trailing in the hose longitudinal direction, of a soft resin tape to be helically wound, and by winding the air-permeable tape integrally with the soft resin tape; or by winding only the air-permeable tape helically. Especially, the air-permeable flexible hose can be properly used as a cleaner hose of the discharge circulation type by using it as an outer tube of a double tube. By giving lubricating properties to the inner circumference of the outer tube or the outer circumference of the inner tube, on the other hand, it is possible to prevent the wear which might otherwise be caused by the rubbing contact.

Abstract: A corrugated resin elbow comprises a corrugate-shaped synthetic resin pipe wall which includes a plurality of valley portions, a plurality of ridge portions and side surfaces respectively interposed between the valley portions and the ridge portions. At least one of the valley portions and the side surfaces which is disposed on the bend small diameter side of the substantially middle portion of the pipe wall in the longitudinal direction thereof is contractingly heated and deformed to thereby work the corrugate-shaped pipe wall into a bent attitude having a given angle.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing the optically active cyclic amino acid ester derivative of the formula (I): by optical resolution method, a process for producing the same and a process for producing an optically active cyclic amino acid using the compound of the formula (I).

Abstract: A method for racemization of an optically active N-substituted azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ester of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein * represents an asymmetric carbon atom, R.sup.1 represents an aryl,R.sup.2 represents a saturated hydrocarbon group which may be substituted,which is characterized byheating the ester at 100.degree. C. or higher, orsubjecting the ester to contact with a basic compound selected from an alkali metal hydride, an alkali metal alcoholate of tertiary alcohol and an organic amine.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing arylvinylsulfone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group,a nitro group, an amino group, a lower alkylamino group anda lower di(alkylamino) group,which comprises reacting .beta.-haloethylarylsulfone of the formula: ##STR2## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above and X denotes a halogen atom, with an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate in the presence of a catalytic amount of an amine or its inorganic acid salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: Optically active biphenyl derivatives including optically active biphenyl carboxylic acid derivative, hydroxybiphenyl derivative, alkoxybiphenylalkanol derivative and alkoxybiphenylalkanol derivative have the following structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group of 3-20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group or alkoxyalkyl group of 1-20 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted with at least one halogen atom. X represents --O--, --COO-- or --OCO--, m represents 0 or 1, n represents an integer of 1-6 and p represents 0 or 1, and the * mark represents an asymmetric carbon atom. These optically active biphenyl derivatives are useful as a ferroelectric liquid crystal material or its component having a sufficient spontaneous polarization and by which a high speed response is possible and which further exhibits a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase in a temperature region around room temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention are the phenylpyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## the alcohols represented by the formula: ##STR2## usable as starting material for the preparation of the phenylpyrimidine derivatives, and the processes for preparing such derivatives. The phenylpyrimidine derivatives of the formula I according to the present invention have very excellent properties as a liquid crystal compound and can be utilized effectively for the production of liquid crystal elements.

Abstract: An optically active phenol useful in the preparation of liquid crystalline compounds which is represented by the formula (V): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms; Z' represents ##STR2## wherein q represents a number of 1 to 5 and * indicates asymmetric carbon atom; l represents a number of 2; t represents a number of 1 to 5; s represents a number of 0 or 1.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention are the phenylpyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## the alcohols represented by the formula: ##STR2## usable as starting material for the preparation of the phenylpyrimidine derivatives, and the processes for preparing such derivatives. The phenylpyrimidine derivatives of the formula I according to the present invention have very excellent properties as a liquid crystal compound and can be utilized effectively for the production of liquid crystal elements.

Abstract: A tertiary phosphine compound of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent independently from each other a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, or together form --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or a lower alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxyalkoxy group or a phenyl group; X.sup.1 is a halogen atom when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen atoms, or a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group when at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is not a hydrogen atoms; and m is an integer of 1 to 5, which is useful as a ligand of a transition metal complex that can catalyze various reactions.

Abstract: A process for producing a thiophene derivative represented by a general formula (2) involves catalytically reducing a compound represnted by the general formula (1) with hydrogen in a solvent mixture of at least one of alcohol and water in the presence of a palladium catalyst soluble in organic solvents. A thiophene derivative is useful in preparing biotin (Vitamin H).

Abstract: Optically active naphthalene derivatives including optically active naphthylcarboxylic acid derivative, hydroxynaphthalene derivative, alkoxynaphthylalkanol derivative and alkylnaphthylalkanol derivative have the following structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl group of 3-20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl group of 1-20 carbon atoms optionally substituted with halogen atom(s) or an alkoxyalkyl group of 2-20 carbon atoms optionally substituted with halogen atom(s), X denotes --COO-- or --OCO--, k, l and m denotes 0 or 1 respectively, n denotes an integer of 0-6, p denotes 0 or 1, and the asterisk indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, with the proviso that when k is 0, l and m are not 1 at the same time, and when k is 1, m is 1, and when n is 0 and m is 1, X is --COO--.

Abstract: Disclosed are herein optically active benzene derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## preparation processes therefor, liquid crystal composition containing such benzene derivatives as liquid-crystalline compound, and a light switching element using said liquid crystal composition as liquid crystal element, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, x, y, z, m, p and s are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optically active carboxylic acid or acid halide compounds of formula III: ##STR1## Wherein R.sub.2 represents an optically active alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms; R' represents a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom; k is 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of 1 to 6.