Abstract: A friction stir welding method utilizes a joining tool comprising a friction surface; a first workpiece comprising a first treating layer, a second workpiece comprising a second treating layer, and a joining member with a melting point lower than that of the first workpiece and the second workpiece. The joining member is arranged at the joining portion of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and abutting the first workpiece and the second workpiece. The friction surface of the joining tool is positioned to resist at least one of the first treating layer and the second treating layer. The joining tool is rotated and moved to agitate at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, until at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are plasticized and joined together.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method includes providing a joining tool including a friction surface, a first workpiece, and a second workpiece, and arranging the first workpiece and second workpiece in position with a first joining surface abutting a second joining surface. A friction surface of a joining tool resists at least one of the first treating surface and the second treating surface, and the first workpiece and the second workpiece cooperatively define a slot. Then positioning, rotating, and moving the joining tool to rub and stir at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, thus plasticizing at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to join the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method includes providing a joining tool including a friction surface, a first workpiece, and a second workpiece, and arranging the first workpiece and second workpiece in position with a first joining surface abutting a second joining surface. A friction surface of a joining tool resists at least one of the first treating surface and the second treating surface, and the first workpiece and the second workpiece cooperatively define a slot. Then positioning, rotating, and moving the joining tool to rub and stir at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, thus plasticizing at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to join the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method includes providing a joining tool including a friction surface; providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece; arranging the first workpiece and second workpiece in position with a first joining surface abutting a second joining surface, a friction surface of a joining tool resisting at least one of the first treating surface and the second treating surface; positioning, rotating and moving the joining tool to rub and stir at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, thus plasticizing at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to join the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

Abstract: A friction stir method includes providing a joining tool, a mold comprising a top surface and a cutout defined from the top surface, and a workpiece comprising a treatable layer and arranged on the top surface of the mold. The joining tool resists the workpiece, and rotates and moves to agitate the treatable layer of the workpiece along an extending direction of the cutout of the mold, until a protrusion integrated with the workpiece is formed in the cutout of the mold.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method utilizes a joining tool comprising a friction surface; a first workpiece comprising a first treating layer, a second workpiece comprising a second treating layer, and a joining member with a melting point lower than that of the first workpiece and the second workpiece. The joining member is arranged at the joining portion of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and abutting the first workpiece and the second workpiece. The friction surface of the joining tool is positioned to resist at least one of the first treating layer and the second treating layer. The joining tool is rotated and moved to agitate at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, until at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are plasticized and joined together.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method utilizes a joining tool comprising a friction surface, a first workpiece comprising a first treating layer and a first joining surface angled to the first treating layer, and a second workpiece comprising a second treating layer and a second joining surface joining the first joining surface of the first workpiece. The first workpiece is angled or perpendicular to the second workpiece such that the first treating layer is angled or perpendicular to the second treating layer. The first treating layer abuts the second treating layer. The friction surface of the joining tool resists the first treating layer of the first workpiece and the joining tool is rotated and moved to agitate the first workpiece until at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are plasticized and joined together.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method includes providing a joining tool, a mold comprising a top surface and a cutout defined from the top surface, and a workpiece comprising a treatable layer and arranged on the top surface of the mold. The joining tool resists the workpiece, and rotates and moves to agitate the treatable layer of the workpiece along an extending direction of the cutout of the mold, until a protrusion integrated with the workpiece is formed in the cutout of the mold.

Abstract: A friction stir welding method includes providing a joining tool including a friction surface; providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece; arranging the first workpiece and second workpiece in position with a first joining surface abutting a second joining surface, a friction surface of a joining tool resisting at least one of the first treating surface and the second treating surface; positioning, rotating and moving the joining tool to rub and stir at least one of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, thus plasticizing at least part of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to join the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for causing the light from a light source to enter the incident surface of a light guide plate and to project the light toward an object of illumination from the exit surface of the light guide plate extending in the direction perpendicular to the incident surface. The light source is made by placing a light-emitting diode on or near the light source rod extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the incident surface of the light guide plate. The light source rod and the light guide plate are integrally made by forming a slot in a common plate.