Abstract: A photobioreactor system is provided that comprises a bioreactor including at least two bioreactor tubes, each having an end and a hollow interior, the ends being connectively joined by one or more connector units having a hollow portion defined by a circumference, a solar concentrator configured to collect and concentrate solar power, at least one light guide associated with the solar concentrator to illuminate the hollow portion of the one or more connector units, and at least one LED illuminating the one or more connector units.

Abstract: An improved light collecting efficiency in a projector type automotive headlamp is achieved by including a curved mirror to re-direct light otherwise absorbed by a rear surface of the blocking cut-off shield in “low beam” operating mode of the headlamp. When the shield is moved to a second non-blocking position, a mirror segment conforms to the curved surface of the substantially ellipsoidal reflector to maximize lumen output in “high beam” operating mode of the headlamp. In addition, auxiliary mirror segments may be used to provide a more complete substantially ellipsoidal reflector configuration that maximizes the light collection efficiency. Preferably, the cap holder is purposefully offset in order to position the centerline of the bowed arc of the arc discharge light source in alignment with the optical axis of the optical system in order to maximize light collection efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are mercury free ceramic metal halide high intensity discharge lamps of specified arc tube geometry and composition of ionizable fill. Embodiments herein generally employ a discharge vessel formed of a ceramic material having an aspect ratio satisfied by 1<ITL/ID<4.5 where ITL is the inner total length of the discharge vessel and ID is the inner diameter of the discharge vessel. The ionizable fill typically comprises xenon at a cold fill pressure of from about 3 to about 15 bar, and a halide component comprising sodium halide, thallium halide and/or indium halide, and at least one rare earth halide. Disclosed advantages may include betterment in both lumen run-up and color shift upon dimming, as compared to mercury-containing CMH HID lamps.

Abstract: A High Intensity Discharge lamp and method of making same having an arc tube defining a discharge chamber with opposite ends of the tube each receiving an electrode extending into the discharge chamber and define an axial gap therebetween. A thermal shield extends from each opposite end of the arc tube and defines a radial gap with the tube. The thermal shields in some embodiments extend from end plugs in the arc tube; and, in another embodiment use formed, integrally with one arc tube sections and the tube sections joined.

Abstract: A method of forming a discharge lamp and the resultant discharge lamp include providing an arc tube having first and second ends offset from a central arcuate or curvilinear portion of the discharge chamber formed between the arc tube ends. Electrodes extend from the first and second ends and at least partially into the discharge chamber which is locally substantially rotationally symmetric, i.e., substantially circular cross-section over a length thereof. Preferably, the arc tube and discharge chamber have a curvilinear conformation where the first and second ends are located below the central portion of the arc tube and associated discharge chamber in horizontal orientation during operation. Terminal ends of the electrodes preferably follow a local axis of the curvilinear conformation. The wall thickness of the discharge chamber may be alternatively constant or non-constant along a longitudinal extent thereof.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge light source includes an arc tube having a longitudinal axis and discharge chamber formed therein. The light source includes first and second electrodes having inner terminal ends spaced from one another along the longitudinal axis. Each electrode extends at least partially into the discharge chamber. The discharge chamber is deformed so that its internal geometry is substantially rotationally asymmetric about its longitudinal axis, and is substantially mirror-symmetric relative to a plane spanned by the longitudinal axis and by another transverse axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and is vertical in a horizontal arc tube orientation, as well as substantially mirror-symmetric relative to a central plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An improved light collecting efficiency in a projector type automotive headlamp is achieved by including a curved mirror to re-direct light otherwise absorbed by a rear surface of the blocking cut-off shield in “low beam” operating mode of the headlamp. When the shield is moved to a second non-blocking position, a mirror segment conforms to the curved surface of the substantially ellipsoidal reflector to maximize lumen output in “high beam” operating mode of the headlamp. In addition, auxiliary mirror segments may be used to provide a more complete substantially ellipsoidal reflector configuration that maximizes the light collection efficiency. Preferably, the cap holder is purposefully offset in order to position the centerline of the bowed arc of the arc discharge light source in alignment with the optical axis of the optical system in order to maximize light collection efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are mercury free ceramic metal halide high intensity discharge lamps of specified arc tube geometry and composition of ionizable fill. Embodiments herein generally employ a discharge vessel formed of a ceramic material having an aspect ratio satisfied by 1<ITL/ID<4.5 where ITL is the inner total length of the discharge vessel and ID is the inner diameter of the discharge vessel. The ionizable fill typically comprises xenon at a cold fill pressure of from about 3 to about 15 bar, and a halide component comprising sodium halide, thallium halide and/or indium halide, and at least one rare earth halide. Disclosed advantages may include betterment in both lumen run-up and color shift upon dimming, as compared to mercury-containing CMH HID lamps.

Abstract: A photobioreactor system is provided that comprises a bioreactor including at least two bioreactor tubes, each having an end and a hollow interior, the ends being connectively joined by one or more connector units having a hollow portion defined by a circumference, a solar concentrator configured to collect and concentrate solar power, at least one light guide associated with the solar concentrator to illuminate the hollow portion of the one or more connector units, and at least one LED illuminating the one or more connector units.

Abstract: A High Intensity Discharge lamp and method of making same having an arc tube defining a discharge chamber with opposite ends of the tube each receiving an electrode extending into the discharge chamber and define an axial gap therebetween. A thermal shield extends from each opposite end of the arc tube and defines a radial gap with the tube. The thermal shields in some embodiments extend from end plugs in the arc tube; and, in another embodiment use formed, integrally with one arc tube sections and the tube sections joined.

Abstract: A method of forming a discharge lamp and the resultant discharge lamp include providing an arc tube having first and second ends offset from a central arcuate or curvilinear portion of the discharge chamber formed between the arc tube ends. Electrodes extend from the first and second ends and at least partially into the discharge chamber which is locally substantially rotationally symmetric, i.e., substantially circular cross-section over a length thereof. Preferably, the arc tube and discharge chamber have a curvilinear conformation where the first and second ends are located below the central portion of the arc tube and associated discharge chamber in horizontal orientation during operation. Terminal ends of the electrodes preferably follow a local axis of the curvilinear conformation. The wall thickness of the discharge chamber may be alternatively constant or non-constant along a longitudinal extent thereof.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge light source includes an arc tube having a longitudinal axis and discharge chamber formed therein. The light source includes first and second electrodes having inner terminal ends spaced from one another along the longitudinal axis. Each electrode extends at least partially into the discharge chamber. The discharge chamber is deformed so that its internal geometry is substantially rotationally asymmetric about its longitudinal axis, and is substantially mirror-symmetric relative to a plane spanned by the longitudinal axis and by another transverse axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and is vertical in a horizontal arc tube orientation, as well as substantially mirror-symmetric relative to a central plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The discharge light source includes an arc tube with a discharge chamber having a predetermined location for a metal halide dose or salt pool that minimizes the impact on the light emitted from the light source. The discharge chamber is preferably asymmetric about a second axis that is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis. In one embodiment, the discharge chamber preferably includes first and second generally spheroidal portions of different diameters spaced along the longitudinal axis. The arc tube has different wall thicknesses in yet another arrangement. In a further exemplary embodiment, a portion of a wall that forms the discharge chamber includes a generally concave surface. These features may be used individually or in combination.

Abstract: A lamp having a ceramic arc envelope, an end structure coupled to the ceramic arc envelope and extending across an opening in the ceramic arc envelope, where the end structure comprises a passageway communicative with an interior chamber of the ceramic arc envelope is provided. The lamp further includes a molybdenum-rhenium electrode lead extending through and sealed with the passageway. The molybdenum-rhenium electrode lead includes a molybdenum-rhenium alloy. Furthermore, the lamp includes an arc electrode tip coupled to the electrode lead inside the interior chamber.

Abstract: An arc tube in a high intensity discharge lamp comprises an arc body comprising a single-phase first ceramic material has a first elemental composition, and the arc body has a sealed chamber. At least two legs are attached to the arc body, and at least one of the legs has a single-phase second ceramic material having a second elemental composition that is different from the first elemental composition. An electrode is positioned within a respective leg, each electrode has a tip positioned within the chamber and the tips of the electrodes are spaced apart forming an arc region there between.

Abstract: A lamp having a ceramic arc envelope, an end structure coupled to the ceramic arc envelope and extending across an opening in the ceramic arc envelope, where the end structure comprises a passageway communicative with an interior chamber of the ceramic arc envelope is provided. The lamp further includes a molybdenum-rhenium electrode lead extending through and sealed with the passageway. The molybdenum-rhenium electrode lead includes a molybdenum-rhenium alloy. Furthermore, the lamp includes an arc electrode tip coupled to the electrode lead inside the interior chamber.

Abstract: A lighting system for generating pre-determined beam-pattern comprises a reflector body for reflecting the light forwardly thereof, an optical means for receiving and transmitting said reflected light, a discharge lamp and a lamp base. The discharge lamp is positioned between the reflector body and the optical means. The discharge lamp comprises a sealed discharge vessel made of ceramic light-transmitting material and contains an ionizable fill. The discharge lamp has at least one leg, a pair of spaced-apart electrodes within the discharge vessel between which an electric discharge is developed when the lamp is operated. The lamp base provides for supporting and positioning the discharge lamp, and includes contact elements for connecting the discharge lamp to an operating circuit.

Abstract: A mercury-free high pressure sodium vapor lamp is dosed with sodium, xenon and zinc as an elemental metal additive. The addition of the metal additive prevents an undesirable low-voltage operating mode of the sodium-xenon discharge associated with a mercury-free HPS lamp, which otherwise occurs when sodium is no longer available to participate in the arc discharge.

Abstract: A vapor discharge lamp comprised of an arc tube containing an ionizable medium, a first electrode electrically connected to a first in lead conductor, and a second electrode electrically connected to a second in lead conductor, said first and said second electrode pairs being positioned to create an arc discharge therebetween, an electron emissive material disposed on at least one of said electrodes, said electron emissive material being Ba.sub.4 Al.sub.2 O.sub.7.

Abstract: A magnetic head for information recording and/or reading which comprises a pair of half poles (10,11) each consisting of a plurality of soft iron sheets (12) having predetermined profiles. The half poles are attached to each other to define an air gap (13) in front of a magnetic carrier (16). A coil (15) is arranged on the core. Thin hard coatings (18) are deposited on the surfaces of the sheets (12) at least in the region of the air gap and the frontal contact zone (17) with the carrier, whereby a laminated sandwich structure is obtained, in which the hardness is periodically changing along the width of the carrier. Owing to the rigidity of the carrier, the hard coatings resist to wear caused by the sliding movement of the carrier. The presence of the thin coatings does not decrease the resulting permeability of the core. The coating is deposited by means of high rate reactive cathode sputtering technique, which provides for optimum hardness and cohesion to the iron substrate.