Abstract: A rotary cooling roller includes outer and inner cylinders, two end plates fixed to both ends of the outer cylinder, and a supporting shaft protruding from the end plates. A cylindrical space, provided between the outer and the inner cylinders, communicates with the inner space of the inner cylinder via through-holes formed in the inner cylinder. A coolant contained is allowed to flow back and forth between the cylindrical space and the inner space of the inner cylinder. Ring-shaped spacers are provided in the cylindrical space for passing an external force exerted on the outer cylinder to the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A rotary cooling roller includes outer and inner cylinders, two end plates fixed to both ends of the outer cylinder, and a supporting shaft protruding from the end plates. A cylindrical space, provided between the outer and the inner cylinders, communicates with the inner space of the inner cylinder via through-holes formed in the inner cylinder. A coolant contained is allowed to flow back and forth between the cylindrical space and the inner space of the inner cylinder. Ring-shaped spacers are provided in the cylindrical space for passing an external force exerted on the outer cylinder to the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A heat pipe unit comprising a relatively thin box-shaped panel body in which coolant is charged, a heat-transfer pipe provided in an upper area in the panel body in which cooling fluid is fed and a device for guiding to an inner wall of the panel body the coolant liquified by the heat-transfer pipe.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to apparatus comprising a reverse osmosis membrane module, a reciprocating pump and a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. The pump includes a piston defining on its opposite sides a first cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber which has a smaller cross-sectional area than the first chamber. The first chamber connects with a feed fluid supply conduit provided with a feed valve which opens when the first chamber expands. The membrane module includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet connects with the first cylinder chamber when the first cylinder chamber contracts in volume, and the outlet connects with the second cylinder chamber through a selector connecting with a concentrate fluid drain conduit.