Abstract: A process for preparing urea comprises preparing formamide based on carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia, forming methyl formate or ammonium formate as an intermediate in a catalytic reaction, and preparing urea by reacting the formamide and possibly ammonia in the presence of a catalyst. The source of carbon dioxide is a liquid laden with chemically and/or physically bound carbon dioxide and selected from a methanol phase or an aqueous ammonia solution obtained by gas scrubbing of a syngas for removing carbon dioxide using a scrubbing fluid. The scrubbing fluid can be a methanol phase, or carbon dioxide is desorbed from the scrubbing fluid and absorbed into a methanol phase to give a carbon dioxide-laden methanol phase that is then reacted as carbon dioxide-containing stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a catalyst to form methyl formate. The methyl formate is reacted with an ammonia-containing stream to form formamide.

Abstract: A ruthenium-phosphine complex can be used as a catalyst in a method for the catalytic synthesis of urea. The method may comprise more particularly a reaction of formamide or of formamide with ammonia in the presence of the catalyst to form urea and hydrogen. Through the use of the ruthenium-phosphine complex as the catalyst, catalytic preparation of urea from formamide or from formamide with ammonia is provided for the first time. This allows for synthesis under mild conditions and virtually no formation of byproducts. Further, using an acid as a cocatalyst in the catalytic synthesis or the reaction can lead to an improvement in urea yield.

Abstract: A compound by the name 1,1,1-tris(di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphino-methyl)ethane. The compound can be represented by the structure of formula (I): The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex is an active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

Abstract: A compound represented by the structure of formula (I): The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex may be immobilized on an oxidic support to form an active, heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

Abstract: A compound represented by the structure of formula (I): The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex may be immobilized on an oxidic support to form an active, heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

Abstract: A compound by the name 1,1,1-tris(di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphino-methyl)ethane. The compound can be represented by the structure of formula (I): The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex is an active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

Abstract: A method for the reduction organic molecules comprising a Ruthenium-Triphosphine complex with aromatic ligands at the phosphors which are ortho or meta substituted.

Abstract: A method for the reduction organic molecules comprising a Ruthenium-Triphosphine complex with aromatic ligands at the phosphors which are ortho or meta substituted.

Abstract: A method for the reduction organic molecules comprising a Ruthenium-Triphosphine complex with aromatic ligands at the phosphors which are ortho or meta substituted.

Abstract: A method for the reduction organic molecules comprising a Ruthenium-Triphosphine complex with aromatic ligands at the phosphors which are ortho or meta substituted.

Abstract: A method for the methylation of amines, amides and imines comprises the step of reacting these compounds with CO2 and H2 in the presence of a Ruthenium-phosphine complex.

Abstract: A method for the methylation of amines, amides and imines comprises the step of reacting these compounds with CO2 and H2 in the presence of a Ruthenium-phosphine complex.

Abstract: A method for the reduction of carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide derivatives to methanol comprises the step of hydrogenation carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide derivatives in the presence of a Ruthenium-phosphine complex.

Abstract: A method for the reduction of carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide derivatives to methanol comprises the step of hydrogenation carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide derivatives in the presence of a Ruthenium-phosphine complex.