Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for starting a fuel cell stack at temperatures below the freezing point of a reaction product produced during the reaction between an anode-side fuel and a cathode-side fuel. The fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of individual cells having at least one internal cell which is arranged in the stacking direction in the interior of the fuel cell stack and an edge cell which is arranged in the stacking direction at the edge of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack is connected to a cooling circuit having cooling fluid for cooling the fuel cell stack, which cooling fluid can be conducted through the fuel cell stack by a pump arranged in the cooling circuit.

Abstract: A sensor module having a sensor housing, at least one piezoelectric converter element that is disposed in the sensor housing, and at least one insulating member that is disposed in the sensor housing alongside the converter element. The insulating member has on its outer periphery at least one recess in which a contacting system of the converter element extends. A pressure-measuring glow plug having a sensor module of this kind is also described.

Abstract: A pressure-measuring device for recording a pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a force transmission body, situated in a housing, which is exposed to the combustion chamber and which transmits the combustion chamber pressure to a pressure-measuring unit at least indirectly by an axial motion, and having a flexible diaphragm, which is situated between the force transmission body and the housing. The flexible diaphragm is configured to be resilient to implement the axial motion of the force transmission body within the housing. A flexible additional diaphragm is connected ahead of the flexible diaphragm on the combustion chamber side, which seals the flexible diaphragm from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A sensor module having a sensor housing, at least one piezoelectric converter element that is disposed in the sensor housing, and at least one insulating member that is disposed in the sensor housing alongside the converter element. The insulating member has on its outer periphery at least one recess in which a contacting system of the converter element extends. A pressure-measuring glow plug having a sensor module of this kind is also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting value labels that have been re-used, that have a surface containing a luminescent substance, and that have been applied to mailpieces that are to be transported. These mailpieces pass through a sorting system in which the presence of value labels that have a surface containing luminescent particles which are distributed essentially evenly is checked. The mailpiece having such a surface is conveyed to a marking device. Here, the substrate in the form of the surface of the value label containing luminescent particles which are distributed essentially evenly is irradiated with high-energy radiation. In this process, wherever the radiation strikes the substrate, the luminescence of the particles is destroyed to such an extent that they are no longer detected as being luminescent when they pass through the sorting system once again.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the automatic verification of the authenticity of a postage indicium that has a value indication and that has a luminescent area, whereby the postage indicium has been applied onto the surface of a mailpiece, and whereby the surface of the mailpiece is illuminated with light having wavelengths from a spectral region, then a first image of the surface of the mailpiece is taken with a camera system and this first image is evaluated regarding the place of the postage indicia applied onto the surface of the mailpiece, subsequently the postage indicium is irradiated with light having wavelengths from a second spectral region, whereby this light is capable of exciting the luminescence of the luminescent printing ink.

Abstract: A pressure-measuring device for recording a pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a force transmission body, situated in a housing, which is exposed to the combustion chamber and which transmits the combustion chamber pressure to a pressure-measuring unit at least indirectly by an axial motion, and having a flexible diaphragm, which is situated between the force transmission body and the housing. The flexible diaphragm is configured to be resilient to implement the axial motion of the force transmission body within the housing. A flexible additional diaphragm is connected ahead of the flexible diaphragm on the combustion chamber side, which seals the flexible diaphragm from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the automatic verification of the authenticity of a postage indicium that has a value indication and that has a luminescent area, whereby the postage indicium has been applied onto the surface of a mailpiece, and whereby the surface of the mailpiece is illuminated with light having wavelengths from a spectral region, then a first image of the surface of the mailpiece is taken with a camera system and this first image is evaluated regarding the place of the postage indicia applied onto the surface of the mailpiece, subsequently the postage indicium is irradiated with light having wavelengths from a second spectral region, whereby this light is capable of exciting the luminescence of the luminescent printing ink.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the automatic verification of the authenticity of a postage indicium that has a value indication and that has a luminescent area, whereby the postage indicium has been applied onto the surface of a mailpiece, and whereby the surface of the mailpiece is illuminated with light having wavelengths from a spectral region, then a first image of the surface of the mailpiece is taken with a camera system and this first image is evaluated regarding the place of the postage indicia applied onto the surface of the mailpiece, subsequently the postage indicium is irradiated with light having wavelengths from a second spectral region, whereby this light is capable of exciting the luminescence of the luminescent printing ink.

Abstract: A method of testing light metal parts, in particular aluminum components, which have been coated by anodizing, in particular by TSA anodizing, to determine whether they have been coated is described. According to the invention, the surface resistance of the surface of the component is measured and the surface coating of the component is classed as good when the surface resistance is higher than a prescribed high resistance value.

Abstract: A device for electrically connecting a sensor element, which is accommodated in an engine add-on component, to evaluation electronics. The engine add-on component and the evaluation electronics are electrically connected to one another via contacting lines. The evaluation electronics is accommodated in a swiveling part of a hybrid holder which is movable relative to a part of the hybrid holder which is attached to the engine add-on component.

Abstract: A sensor made of a single-crystal, piezoelectric material for measuring the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a pressure transmission pin, a displaceably mounted heating pin protruding into the combustion chamber being provided as the pressure transmission pin, and the sensor being friction-locked with the heating pin. The sensor is preferably situated between the heating pin and a rigid thrust bearing. The single-crystal piezoelectric material of the sensor is preferably made of lithium niobate (LiNbO3). A particularly high sensitivity of the sensor is achieved by the use of a Z-cut or Y-cut piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A roll has a roll body having a central bore and a first end and a second end. Roll necks are flange-mounted to the first and second ends of the roll body, respectively, for supporting the roll body in bearings. At least one compensation weight is eccentrically arranged in the central bore. The at least one compensation weight is adjustable with regard to its mass, an angular position within the roll body, and/or a radial spacing relative to a central axis of the roll body. The at least one compensation weight is adjustable while the roll necks are flange-mounted on the first and second ends.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure sensor (1), comprising a housing (2), a housing element (3) which may be exposed to a pressure chamber (10), mounted on the housing (2) by means of a metallic membrane (5) and a measuring cell (4) which can indirectly measure a pressure acting on the housing element (3) and transmitted to the measuring cell (4) as a force resulting therefrom. According to the invention, said pressure sensor (1) comprises a housing element (3) embodied as a pin and projects out of the housing (2). The advantage of such an arrangement is only a small drilling to a pressure chamber (10) need be provided, in order to carry out a pressure measurement. The pin (3) need only be so long that the front end thereof, in the assembled state, approximately reaches the wall (11) of the pressure chamber (10).

Abstract: A device for checking the coating of anodized light-metal parts (e.g. Aluminum), in particular by TSA anodization, is described. The device has two contact electrodes on respective resilient probes, placed onto the surface of the component to be tested under a predefined contact pressure; an enabling device coupled to the probes that generates an enable signal when the predefined contact pressure is reached; and a conductivity measuring device coupled to the contact electrodes that measures the conductivity of the surface of the component under test. The conductivity measuring device is coupled to the enabling device to detect the enable signal. When the enable signal is detected, the conductivity measuring device measures the surface conductivity of the component under test between the contact electrodes and generates an output signal indicating the measured conductivity.

Abstract: A device for checking the coating of light-metal parts, in particular aluminum components, which have been coated by anodization, in particular by TSA anodization, is described.

Abstract: A method of testing light metal parts, in particular aluminum components, which have been coated by anodising, in particular by TSA anodising, to determine whether they have been coated is described. According to the invention, the surface resistance of the surface of the component is measured and the surface coating of the component is classed as good when the surface resistance is higher than a prescribed high resistance value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure sensor (1), comprising a housing (2), a housing element (3) which may be exposed to a pressure chamber (10), mounted on the housing (2) by means of a metallic membrane (5) and a measuring cell (4) which can indirectly measure a pressure acting on the housing element (3) and transmitted to the measuring cell (4) as a force resulting therefrom. According to the invention, said pressure sensor (1) comprises a housing element (3) embodied as a pin and projects out of the housing (2). The advantage of such an arrangement is only a small drilling to a pressure chamber (10) need be provided, in order to carry out a pressure measurement. The pin (3) need only be so long that the front end thereof, in the assembled state, approximately reaches the wall (11) of the pressure chamber (10).

Abstract: A roller body for a roller, for pressure-treating or temperature-treating or combined pressure- and temperature-treating a web-shaped medium, for example paper, includes a casting body made of an iron-based alloy comprising graphite lamellae. Particular regions of the roller body are placed under tensile stresses during or after production. The stresses being applied are larger than those which occur in these regions during operation of a roller. The additionally applied tensile stresses trigger local plastic deformations in peripheral regions of the graphite lamellae, such that once the tensile stresses are no longer applied, the roller body behaves elastically and no longer permanently deforms up to the stress level achieved.

Abstract: In a group of rolls for a calender for processing material webs, comprising at least two rolls each having a roll body made of a cast or forged iron material, at least one of the roll bodies consists of chilled cast iron or shell-chilled cast iron. One or more rolls may have a cover of a resilient material, such as a polymeric plastic. Although it is possible for the outer diameters of the rolls to differ, the sag of the rolls when they are supported only in their rolling-contact bearings is substantially equal. In order to produce appropriate rolls, following the essential machining steps of the roll bodies, that is to say, for example, following casting, following preliminary turning, following preliminary boring and, if appropriate, following the introduction of peripheral bores, the actual mean modulus of elasticity of the entire roll body is measured and, as a function of this, in particular the inner diameters of the central bores are produced.