Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of biological feed material and to a process for catalytically converting the purified biological feed material into hydrocarbons suitable as biofuel components. The purified feed material is treated in a reactor system including a catalytically active guard bed phase and a catalytically active main reaction phase. At least one of the phases includes a catalyst bed with a combination of hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) and hydrodewaxing (HDW) catalysts. The process provides biofuel with acceptable ignition and cold flow properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass % of C8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass %, and the total amount of C8-30 alkanes, C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 mass %; wherein the composition comprises 45-90 mass % in total of C8-30 cycloalkanes and C8-30 branched alkanes; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method of producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C4-12 alkanes, C5-12 cycloalkanes and C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasoline composition comprising a) 70-86% by volume of ethanol, b) a hydrocarbon component comprising hydrocarbons derived from feedstock comprising tall oil material, where said hydrocarbon component has RON of 50-70 and it comprises 25-60 mass % of naphthenes.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rifle rest comprising a base, a support protruding from the base, a lever which is coupled to the support via a joint, a support element which is connected to the lever, a rifle holder which is coupled to the lever and comprises a pad, and wherein the pad is configured to be moved by changing a position of the support element.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rifle rest comprising a base, a support protruding from the base, a lever which is coupled to the support via a joint, a support element which is connected to the lever, a rifle holder which is coupled to the lever and comprises a pad, and wherein the pad is configured to be moved by changing a position of the support element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass % of C8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass %, and the total amount of C8-30 alkanes, C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 mass %; wherein the composition comprises 45-90 mass % in total of C8-30 cycloalkanes and C8-30 branched alkanes; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method of producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: A process for catalytically converting crude tall oil into hydrocarbons suitable as biofuel components. The crude tall oil is treated in a reactor system including a catalytically active guard bed phase and a catalytically active main reaction phase. At least one of the phases includes a catalyst bed with a combination of hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) and hydrodewaxing (HDW) catalysts. The process provides biofuel with acceptable ignition and cold flow properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass! of C8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 massl in total of oxygen containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass % (and the total amount of C8-30 alkanes, C7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 massl; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for purifying tall oil material for the production of biofuels and components thereof. The present invention relates further to hydroprocessing of the purified material to obtain biofuels and components thereof.

Abstract: A process for upgrading pyrolysis oil that includes heating pyrolysis oil in the absence of added catalyst at 100° C. to 200° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure, and heating the product of the first heating in the absence of added catalyst at 200° C. to 400° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure. Also, the product obtained by this process and the use of treated pyrolysis oil. Further, methods where the treated pyrolysis oil is fed to a power plant for producing electricity; is burned in a boiler for producing heating oil and/or is used as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein the process comprises the steps of, subjecting a feedstock comprising CTO and TOP to pretreatment comprising at least two evaporative steps to yield (i) an evaporated feedstock comprising 30 ppm or less of sodium, 35 ppm or less of phosphorus and 30 ppm or less of silicon, (ii) a light fraction and (iii) a residue fraction, and subjecting the evaporated feedstock to catalytic hydroprocessing in the presence of hydrogen to yield a hydroprocessing product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the liquid fuel range. The invention also relates to hydrocarbon components useful as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel, obtainable by said process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for producing fuel components, and more particularly to a process and system for producing fuel components from a material of biological origin. The process is a two-step or a three-step process comprising purifying of the feed material by evaporating and refining the purified feed material in the presence of at least one catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds from which mixture liquid hydrocarbon compounds are separated and further fractionated into fuel components. The present invention relates further to fuel components obtained by the process of the present invention as well as to the use of the fuel components and a mixture comprising the fuel components.

Abstract: The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C4-12 alkanes, C5-12 cycloalkanes and C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C4-12 alkanes, C5-12 cycloalkanes and C6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing mixture of fuel components, which process comprises providing a feed of biological origin; subjecting said feed of biological origin and a hydrogen gas feed to a single step of hydroprocessing in the presence of a catalyst system comprising dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of fuel components. The present invention relates also to an apparatus for producing a mixture of fuel components from a feed of biological origin. The invention relates also to the use of the fuel components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing hydrocarbon components in the presence of a hydrodesulphurization catalyst. The components obtained by the process are suitable for use as fuel composition as such or as an additive in fuel compositions, and in cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasoline composition comprising a) 70-86% by volume of ethanol, b) a hydrocarbon component comprising hydrocarbons derived from feedstock comprising tall oil material, where said hydrocarbon component has RON of 50-70 and it comprises 25-60 mass % of naphthenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein starting material comprising tall oil material and polar co-feed, which polar co-feed comprises fatty acids, is diluted with a non-polar diluent to obtain feedstock, and said feedstock is catalytically hydroprocessed to obtain hydrocarbons, suitable as fuels, fuel blending components and fuel additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for producing hydrocarbon components in the presence of a hydrodesulphurization catalyst. The components obtained by the process are suitable for use as fuel composition as such or as an additive in fuel compositions, and in cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.