Abstract: Resource use is recorded with a partitioned reference counter. The sum of all resource counter partitions is equivalent to the total references to a resource. When one resource counter partition reaches zero, it is possible that the resource should be destroyed. To determine if this is the case, all other partitions can be checked for a value of zero. If all the partitions are zero, the resource can be destroyed. Coarse grained partitioning and add/release on all partitions can be employed to avoid extra work associated with a local partition reaching zero. Further, destroying or deleting a resource can be accomplished in a manner that avoids a race condition.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject matter described herein relate to auditing operations. In aspects, operations may be audited synchronously and/or asynchronously to one or more audit targets. When auditing synchronously, audit records may be written synchronously to an audit target. When auditing asynchronously, a buffer may be used to store audit records until the audit records are flushed to an audit target. If an error occurs in auditing, a policy may be evaluated to determine how to respond. One exemplary response includes failing an operation that triggered a subsequent audit record. Furthermore, if a buffer was unable to be copied to an audit target, the contents of the buffer may be preserved and one or more retries may be attempted to copy the buffer to the audit target.

Abstract: Resource use is recorded with a partitioned reference counter. The sum of all resource counter partitions is equivalent to the total references to a resource. When one resource counter partition reaches zero, it is possible that the resource should be destroyed. To determine if this is the case, all other partitions can be checked for a value of zero. If all the partitions are zero, the resource can be destroyed. Coarse grained partitioning and add/release on all partitions can be employed to avoid extra work associated with a local partition reaching zero. Further, destroying or deleting a resource can be accomplished in a manner that avoids a race condition.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject matter described herein relate to auditing operations. In aspects, operations may be audited synchronously and/or asynchronously to one or more audit targets. When auditing synchronously, audit records may be written synchronously to an audit target. When auditing asynchronously, a buffer may be used to store audit records until the audit records are flushed to an audit target. If an error occurs in auditing, a policy may be evaluated to determine how to respond. One exemplary response includes failing an operation that triggered a subsequent audit record. Furthermore, if a buffer was unable to be copied to an audit target, the contents of the buffer may be preserved and one or more retries may be attempted to copy the buffer to the audit target.

Abstract: Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for improving configuration of database audits. Multiple audits can be created for a database. Any one of the audits can be turned off without impacting an operation of any remaining audits. Database audits can be ported from one database server instance to another. Database audit metadata is stored in a database separately from a database server instance to which the database is attached. The database can be detached from the database server instance and attached to a second database server instance, with the database audit metadata moving along with the database automatically. Any audits associated with the database audit metadata are automatically activated for the second database server instance. Database audits can be configured using a hierarchical model.

Abstract: When rich data is tunneled, its associated link identified by a primary data reference is changed by swapping primary references of original data with changed data. Thus, without duplicating the rich data, it is now associated with the changed data, preserving it in constant time. The primary references can include, but are not limited to, names and/or other item identifications. This technique allows preservation of rich data to occur without burdening processing and/or time constraints based on the size and/or number of rich data elements. The technique also allows disparate applications and/or systems to maintain data integrity even when rich data is not expected for a given application and/or system. Since the rich data follows a primary reference, awareness of the rich data is not required for it to be properly handled, ensuring its integrity.

Abstract: Various technologies and techniques are disclosed for improving configuration of database audits. Multiple audits can be created for a database. Any one of the audits can be turned off without impacting an operation of any remaining audits. Database audits can be ported from one database server instance to another. Database audit metadata is stored in a database separately from a database server instance to which the database is attached. The database can be detached from the database server instance and attached to a second database server instance, with the database audit metadata moving along with the database automatically. Any audits associated with the database audit metadata are automatically activated for the second database server instance. Database audits can be configured using a hierarchical model.

Abstract: When rich data is tunneled, its associated link identified by a primary data reference is changed by swapping primary references of original data with changed data. Thus, without duplicating the rich data, it is now associated with the changed data, preserving it in constant time. The primary references can include, but are not limited to, names and/or other item identifications. This technique allows preservation of rich data to occur without burdening processing and/or time constraints based on the size and/or number of rich data elements. The technique also allows disparate applications and/or systems to maintain data integrity even when rich data is not expected for a given application and/or system. Since the rich data follows a primary reference, awareness of the rich data is not required for it to be properly handled, ensuring its integrity.

Abstract: The present invention provides technologies including an item management system for the management of compound items and the storage of such items in tabular format using storage systems such as a database management system. Compound items may include file items which may be stored in a file format using storage systems such as a file system. The present invention further provides technologies for locking such compound items upon access by an application to preserve integrity of the items. In particular, the technologies allow for locking compound items including file items where the file items may be accessed via the item management system and/or via an associated file system.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a system and/or a method that facilitates adapting at least two disparate file systems. A file system adapter can provide uniformity and/or seamless integration between a first file system and a second file system. The file system adapter can employ a file-backed item that is enriched by a file to provide at least one of a property to an item and a file stream associated with the item. The file-backed item can allow a manipulation by at least one of an API for the first file system and an API for the second file system.