Abstract: Flavorful tobacco extracts are provided by subjecting a tobacco extract to heat treatment. The tobacco extract is contacted with an ammonia compound capable of releasing ammonia or a base capable of releasing ammonia indigenous to the tobacco extract, and then is subjected to a heat treatment above about 100.degree. C. in a pressure controlled environment. Resulting flavorful extracts are useful as forms of tobacco in cigarettes and other smoking articles.

Abstract: A cigarette having a circumference of about 25 mm includes a rod of tobacco cut filler having a circumference of about 12.5 mm which is in turn circumscribed by an air permeable insulating material. The tobacco cut filler has a packing density of less than about 400 mg/cm.sup.3. The insulating material comprises a fibrous material (e.g., glass fibers), and has a radial thickness of greater than about 0.25 mm, and often greater than about 0.5 mm. The insulating material is in turn circumscribed by a paper wrapping material having a low air permeability (e.g., less than about 15 CORESTA units). The cigarette includes a filter element at one end. The cigarette yields low levels of visible sidestream smoke.

Abstract: Tobacco-derived components of a tobacco extract are provided by fermenting the tobacco extract within a fermentation bath. The extract may be subjected to heat treatment in a pressure controlled environment prior to and/or after fermenting.The fermented tobacco extract is then distilled at a temperatrue to provide a distillate which includes tobacco-derived components of the tobacco extract. If the extract has not previously been subjected to heat treatment, the distillate can be subjected to heat treatment in a pressure controlled environment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for producing carbon containing fuel elements especially suited for use in cigarette--like smoking articles. One method of the present invention makes use of two separate pyrolysis steps to ensure that the carbon used to form the fuel elements for smoking articles is substantially free of materials which could adversely affect the aerosol delivered by such articles. Also disclosed is a method in which a fuel element formed from carbon and a binder is pyrolyzed after formation to convert the binder to carbon.

Abstract: Flavorful tobacco-derived flavorful components of a tobacco material are provided by extraction of the tobacco material with an extraction solvent in the form of a polyhydric alcohol or ester thereof. The tobacco material is subjected to extraction conditions above about 100.degree. C. and under conditions sufficient to provide the flavorful tobacco-derived extraction product. The tobacco material and the extraction solvent can be contacted in the presence of at least one reaction component such as at least one amino acid and/or at least one sugar.

Abstract: Flavorful tobacco extracts are provided by subjecting a moist spray dried tobacco extract to heat treatment. The moist extract is contacted with a sugar and an amino acid, and exposed to a temperature above about 100.degree. C. in a pressure controlled vessel. Resulting flavorful extracts are useful as forms of tobacco in cigarettes and other smoking articles.

Abstract: The flavor substances of the present invention are prepared by toasting (heating) natural tobacco in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least about 225.degree. C., fractionating the volatiles and collecting at least a portion of the fractionated materials as the flavor substances. This fractionating and/or collecting can be conducted by condensation, liquid-liquid extraction, sorption (adsorption and/or absorption) and the like, with either a solid or liquid sorbent medium. Either the sorbent medium containing the trapped volatiles or the volatiles themselves may be used as the flavor substances of the present invention.

Abstract: The flavor substances of the present invention are prepared by toasting (heating) natural tobacco in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least about 225.degree. C., condensing at least a portion of the volatiles driven-off during the toasting, and collecting the a portion of the uncondensed volatiles by sorption (adsorption and/or absorption) on a solid or liquid sorbent medium. Either the sorbent medium containing the trapped volatiles or the volatiles themselves may be used as the flavor substances of the present invention.

Abstract: A smoking article including a short, combustible, carbonaceous fuel element in a heat exchange relationship with a physically separate aerosol generating means, and a mouthend piece. Smoking articles of the present invention include means for retaining the fuel element in a predetermined position relative to other components of the smoking article. Preferred smoking articles of the present invention are capable of providing the user with the pleasures of smoking by heating but not burning tobacco.

Abstract: Cigarette rods and filter rods are provided by manufacturing rods from tobacco cut filler and a circumscribing paper wrap, and then subjecting the rods to conditions such that the cut filler undergoes volume expansion while within the paper wrap. For example, the tobacco rods can be exposed to propane under supercritical conditions within a pressure chamber followed by a venting of the gaseous fluid to expand the tobacco cut filler. The resulting rods are very firm, have good integrity, and frequently do not undergo any noticeable visible change. The resulting rods which contain the volume expanded tobacco can be used as smokable rods for cigarettes or as cigarette filters.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to densified particulate materials and to a process of preparing such materials.The present invention is also related to cigarette-type smoking articles utilizing the densified particulate materials of the present invention as an extender of the fuel and/or as a flavor enhancer.In cigarette-type smoking articles, the densified particulate material of the present invention may also serve as a substrate or carrier for an aerosol forming substance. The use of densified particulate tobacco, in whole or in part, as such a substrate affords many advantages heretofore unavailable in cigarette-type smoking articles.The use of the densified particulate materials of the present invention in conventional tobacco products, e.g., cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and the like, affords advantages heretofore unavailable. Preferably, a mixture of densified carbon and densified tobacco is used, both as an extender/filler and as a flavor enhancer.

Abstract: The present invention preferably relates to a smoking article which is capable of producing substantial quantities of aerosol, both initially and over the useful life of the product, without significant thermal degradation of the aerosol former and without the presence of substantial pyrolysis or incomplete combustion products or sidestream aerosol. The article employes a dual burn rate fuel element, which utilizes a fast burning segment and a slow burning segment.The use of such a dual burn rate fuel element has several advantages over conventional homogeneous fuels. For example, the fast burning component assists in the ease of lighting the fuel element, and provides rapid heat transfer to the aerosol generating means. This in turn, provides early aerosol delivery.The slow burning component provides for even heat distribution throughout the burn period.

Abstract: A composition for use in smoking products is prepared from thermally degraded tobacco plant materials and a water-soluble polysaccharide gum.

Abstract: A fluid pressure treating apparatus including a cylindrical tubular shell with a reciprocal spool assembly mounted for movement between a loading position outside the shell and a treating position within the shell, sealing members on said spool assembly for engaging the shell to form the pressure chamber. Conduits are provided to introduce processing fluid into the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A combustible smoking material having a color other than that of conventionally cured tobacco leaves is coated with finely divided vermiculite that has previously been subjected to heat treatment to develop a brown color therein. The vermiculite coating imparts a tobacco-like brown color to the combustible smoking material.

Abstract: A combustible smoking material having a color other than that of conventionally cured tobacco leaves is coated with finely divided, toasted cereal grain to impart a tobacco-like brown color to the combustible smoking material.

Abstract: An improved process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco is provided in which tobacco is contacted with vapors of an expansion agent such as, for example, a low-boiling highly volatile hydrocarbon and/or halocarbon, at elevated temperature and pressure conditions, then releasing the pressure to about atmospheric pressure in a relatively short time period, such as from one second to ten minutes, so that the tobacco is expanded so as to increase its filling capacity in the absence of a subsequent heating step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for expanding tobacco wherein tobacco impregnated with an expansion agent is rapidly heated in the presence of a fluidized bed of hot inert solid particles to effect expansion of the tobacco.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for expanding tobacco wherein tobacco impregnated with an expansion agent is rapidly heated in the presence of hot inert solid particles to effect expansion of the tobacco.

Abstract: Puffed triticale is used alone or with tobacco to provide smoking materials.