Abstract: Improvements in Hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy per pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Embodiments employ a manifold or manifold system that is reciprocated, oscillated, or rotated to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other variations for improving hydroenhancement include angling the manifold at a diagonal to the fabric travel direction, using a high density number of double rows of jets to eliminate interference patterns.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. For example, a low energy per pass of {fraction (1/10)} to {fraction (1/48)} the total energy delivered in 10 passes or more can obtain good enhancement results as compared to conventional hydroenhancing at higher total energy levels delivered in fewer passes. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other embodiments employ a manifold or manifold system that is reciprocated, oscillated, or rotated to simulate multiple passes on the fabric.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other embodiments employ a manifold or manifold system that is reciprocated, oscillated, or rotated to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other variations for improving hydroenhancement are disclosed.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. For example, a low energy per pass of 1/10 to 1/48 the total energy delivered in 10 passes or more can obtain good enhancement results as compared to conventional hydroenhancing at higher total energy levels delivered in fewer passes. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other embodiments employ a manifold or manifold system that is reciprocated, oscillated, or rotated to simulate multiple passes on the fabric. Other variations for improving hydroenhancement are disclosed.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. For example, a low energy per pass of {fraction (1/10)} to {fraction (1/48)} the total energy delivered in 10 passes or more can obtain good enhancement results as compared to conventional hydroenhancing at higher total energy levels delivered in fewer passes. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric.

Abstract: Improvements in hydroenhancement efficiency are obtained by operating a manifold in relative movement to fabric transported under the manifold so as to deliver a low energy to the fabric per pass in multiple passes on the fabric. For example, a low energy per pass of {fraction (1/10)} to {fraction (1/48)} the total energy delivered in 10 passes or more can obtain good enhancement results as compared to conventional hydroenhancing at higher total energy levels delivered in fewer passes. This results in greater enhancement efficiency and reduction in wasted energy, and also improves fabric coverage and reduces fabric shrinkage. The low-energy-per-pass, multiple-pass approach can be implemented with improved hydroenhancing equipment of reduced equipment size and cost which simulate multiple passes on the fabric. In one embodiment, a jigging hydroenhancing equipment transports the fabric back and forth under a stationary manifold between a pair of unwind/windup reels to simulate multiple passes on the fabric.

Abstract: A suede-like micro-fibril finish is imparted to fibrillatable cellulosic materials by open width hydraulic treatment. Additional enhancement of the fabric finish is obtained by post hydraulic enzyme and wet processing treatments. Fluid treated fabrics of the invention are characterized by substantially uniform fibrillation of fibers within the fabric body and surface areas.

Abstract: After compressive shrinking, moist (15% to 25% moisture by weight of fabric), preshrunk fabric is directed into a drum-type drier in which it is restrained while being dried to a moisture content of say 5% to 14%. Thereafter, the fabric is completely dried in a loop-type drier and additionally preshrunk while the fabric is in a relaxed state.

Abstract: The method of pretreating pile fabrics with resin at relatively low percentage levels in order to stabilize the appearance (pile shrinkage and distortion) of the pile as affected by a subsequent treatment with liquid ammonia.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for removing ammonia from fabric which has been previously treated with liquid ammonia, by subjecting the fabric to a solution of water saturated with ammonia maintained at a temperature level high enough to vaporize ammonia in the fabric without requiring commercially uneconomical input of heat energy. Subsequent steps remove the remainder of the ammonia and water trapped in the fabric, the system providing essentially complete recovery of all ammonia at substantially reduced heat energy expenditure.

Abstract: A precisely controllable moistening arrangement in an integrated finishing and preshrinking range which includes fabric straightening means having the requirement that prior to entry into the fabric straightening apparatus, a precise amount, for example at least 30% but not greater than 50% moisture by weight of fabric, is required in order for optimum straightening, prior to partial drying and preshrinking of the fabric.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to equipment and techniques for the removal from fabrics of excess residual ammonia, remaining in the fabric after liquid ammonia processing. The process involves contacting the opposed surfaces of the fabric with a thin film of water, followed by removal of the water from the fabric. The amount of water which contacts the fabric is insufficient to wet the fabric, so that it does not require a subsequent drying step, but is sufficient to release most of the residual ammonia, causing the ammonia to be extracted from the fabric. To advantage, the thin film of water is achieved by condensation of steam on chilled rollers.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches an apparatus for longitudinally compressively shrinking a textile fabric web by continuously feeding the web between a thick elastomeric belt and a heated polished cylinder having a low frictional resistance. The apparatus of this invention is characterized by selectively varying tension of the belt as well as selectively manually varying contact pressure between the belt and the polished cylinder. According to this invention skipping at high speeds is avoided and there is control of pressure of the belt on the cylinder over a greater arc than by prior art apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to equipment and techniques for the removal from fabrics of excess residual ammonia, remaining in the fabric after liquid ammonia processing. The process involves contacting the opposed surfaces of the fabric with a thin film of water, followed by removal of the water from the fabric. The amount of water which contacts the fabric is insufficient to wet the fabric, so that it does not require a subsequent drying step, but is sufficient to release most of the residual ammonia, causing the ammonia to be extracted from the fabric. To advantage, the thin film of water is achieved by condensation of steam on chilled rollers.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a system for the recovery of spent ammonia, in connection with the processing of fabrics and the like with liquid ammonia, and concerns particularly the elimination from the recovered ammonia of undesired water.Economic processing of fabrics by liquid ammonia requires recovery and reuse of substantial quantities of ammonia. In the course of processing, the ammonia unavoidably becomes contaminated with water. Separation of water from ammonia on a laboratory level or, in any kind of batch processing is a theoretically simple matter and can be coped with by conventional differential evaporation techniques, or otherwise. However, in a continuously operating processing line where large quantities of anhydrous liquid ammonia are being used as the treating medium, water accumulates rapidly, not only from the fabric being processed, but also from a certain inevitable amount of air leakage in the system.

Abstract: This invention teaches a method and apparatus for recovering ammonia from a waste gas mixture comprising ammonia with air, and water vapor or steam. The waste gas is bubbled upwardly through an aqueous bath in a condenser, and then through a scrubber in direct contact with a spray of fresh water. The scrubber and condenser are formed integrally so that fresh ammonia water from the scrubber joins the aqueous bath in the condenser. The temperature of the aqueous bath is controlled, preferably by sensing the temperature thereof to control flow of cooling fluid in noncontact heat exchange with the aqueous bath in the condenser. Aqueous ammonia from the bath is withdrawn as product, but it is recycled to the bath if its ammonia concentration is inadequate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a continuous process for the treatment, with liquid ammonia, of moving webs of fabric, the fabric having at least a partial content of natural or regenerated cellulose fiber. Fabric in substantially continuous web form is guided into a treatment chamber and there impregnated with liquid ammonia, desirably by immersion in a bath thereof. The advantageous effects of the liquid ammonia reaction are substantially realized, while undesirable excessive shrinkage of the fabric is avoided, by strictly limiting the time within which liquid ammonia reactions may occur and controllably terminating the reaction at the end of the controlled period. In the process of the invention, the liquid ammonia reaction period commences when the fabric is first introduced into the bath of liquid ammonia and is controllably terminated by bringing the ammonia-saturated web of fabric into contact with a heated drum.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches a method of longitudinally compressively shrinking a textile fabric web with the method comprising known steps of preconditioning the web, continuously feeding the web between a thick elastomeric belt and a heated polished cylinder having a low frictional resistance and thereafter drying the web. The method of this invention is characterized by selectively varying tension of the belt as well as selectively manually varying contact pressure between the belt and the polished cylinder. According to this invention skipping at high speeds is avoided and there is control of the pressure of the belt on the cylinder over a greater arc than by prior art methods.