Abstract: A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 ?m and 1000 ?m. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.

Abstract: Soap bars, which contain at least about 1% potassium soap and 0.15% chloride anions, and which additionally comprise water and a selected sodium potassium or ammonium salt electrolyte, particularly potassium carbonate, dipotassium monohydrogen orthophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, tripotassium orthophosphate, or sodium and/or potassium formates, citrates, tartrates, or acetates, are disclosed. These soap bars do not form undesirable crystals, either on their surfaces or internally, after periods of use or storage and, additionally, exhibit improved lathering performance and decreased scum formation.