Abstract: Yeast cells whose DNA has been appropriately engineered to produce and to secrete lysozyme under control of a regulatable promoter are grown in the substantial absence of lysozyme synthesis and then are induced to produce and to secrete lysozyme under growth-limited conditions. This process is particularly suitable for the production of human lysozyme or mutants thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for releasing into aqueous medium polypeptides produced by yeasts and localized at least partially within the periplasmic space thereof without breaking the yeast cell. The process involves treating the yeasts in aqueous medium with a neutral water-soluble mineral salt and a non-ionic water-soluble polyethoxylated alkylphenol surfactant having an HLB of between 8 and 15.

Abstract: The process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons and more particularly of petrolatum of similar raw material having a high content in microcrystalline waxes comprises introducing a molecular oxygen-containing gas into melted petrolatum in the presence of a usual oxidation catalyst and in the presence of water, which is used in an amount comprised between about 1% and 25%, based on the weight of petrolatum.The acid products resulting from this oxidation reaction and their calcium soaps are anti-rust compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the purification of a crude terephthalic acid product contaminated with up to 10% by weight of partially oxidized impurities including p-toluic acid and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, comprising the steps of dissolving the crude product in water by heating up to a temperature at least about 5.degree. C. higher than necessary for having the resulting solution saturated with terephthalic acid; cooling the resulting solution down to a temperature not lower than about 185.degree. C. to precipitate purified crystals; recovering the purified crystals by solid-liquid separation at a temperature not lower than that used for the precipitation of the purified crystals; and washing the recovered crystals by contacting with water at a temperature which is at least as high as the temperature of the recovery step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the continuous production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, comprising the steps of oxidizing p-xylene in a first oxidation zone in the presence of not more than about 10 weight % of water and a cobalt/manganese catalyst up to a conversion of about 15% terephthalic acid; oxidizing the partially-oxidized compounds in a second oxidation zone in the presence of an additional amount of water up to about 20 to 70% by weight and in the presence of an additional amount of the catalyst up to a conversion of about 50% by weight terephthalic acid; stripping p-xylene vapors from the second oxidation zone; separating crystals of crude terephthalic acid from the effluent from the second oxidation zone from the soluble components of the effluent; countercurrently washing the separated crystals with fresh water to produce a slurry; recycling a part of soluble components to the second oxidation zone, and another part of the first oxidation zone to provide the latter with heavy metal catalyst; and

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing terephthalic acid by oxidizing p-xylene which comprises contacting a substantially liquid mixture of p-xylene with p-toluic acid and water wherein the molar ratio of p-toluic acid to p-xylene is between about 0.01 and about 100 and the molar ratio of water to p-toluic acid is between about 0.4 and about 60, with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Process for producing isophthalic acid by direct oxidation of m-toluic acid or a mixture of m-toluic acid with m-xylene and partially oxidized intermediates under mild conditions without the presence of consumable organic solvents or corrosive bromine promoters comprising forming a homogeneous, aqueous mixture of said substrate containing from 10 to 80 weight percent water and an active catalyst comprising a manganese compound or a mixture of a maganese compound and a cobalt compound, the minimum concentration (M) of catalyst in said mixture in millimoles per kilogram of mixture being given by the equation ##EQU1## wherein x is the mole fraction of maganese in the catalyst, y is the mole ratio of water to m-toluic acid and z is the ratio of dissolved isophthalic acid to m-toluic acid, the maximum concentration of catalyst being not more than about 40 millimoles catalyst per kilogram of mixture and reacting said substrate with a molecular oxygen-containing gas at a temperature from about 140.degree. to 220.

Abstract: A process for preparing terephthalic acid is disclosed which comprises the steps of oxidizing a substantially homogenous liquid reaction mixture, comprising p-toluic acid, optionally in admixture with p-xylene and partially oxidized p-cylene derivatives, an amount of between 5% and 80% by weight of water, and an oxidation catalyst comprising a catalytically-active metal compound such as manganese compounds, cobalt compounds or mixtures thereof, with an oxygen-containing gas. At least a minimum amount of M millimoles of the catalytically-active metal compound per kg of the liquid reaction mixture is used, wherein M is defined by the following equation (1) ##EQU1## wherein y represents the molar ratio of water/p-toluic acid in the reaction mixture,x represents the molar ratio of manganese/total amount of manganese + cobalt in the catalyst composition Mn/(Mn+Co),A equals about 0.200,B equals about 10.9,C equals about 4.35; andD equals about 0.0724.

Abstract: Straight-chain paraffins are nondestructively and selectively oxidized to introduce oxy and oxo functions predominantly at the 2 position by an oxidizing system comprising a compound of group II - VI metals in higher valent form and an acidic activator of dissociation constant greater than 5.10.sup.-.sup.3 or boron trifluoride, with or without molecular oxygen and with or without a solvent.

Abstract: Process of liquid phase oxidation of the alpha carbon atom of alkylbenzenes by a manganic or cobaltic salt and an acid activator with or without an oxidation-resistant solvent either in an inert atmosphere to produce lower oxidation products of the alpha carbon atom such as alcohols or their esters; or, in the presence of molecular oxygen, to produce higher oxidation products such as aromatic aldehydes, ketones or carboxyl acids.

Abstract: Paraffins are selectively chlorinated or brominated in position alpha to a terminal methyl group by reacting with a halogen donor in the presence of a cobaltic salt and an acid activator in an inert atmosphere.