Abstract: A rough beam (4) is formed on a universal stand (11), and a two high stand starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, in two series of passes in the universal stand. During the first series reduction of the web forming portion is effected by horizontal rolls (5, 6) acting on the central portion of the initial section (1) and during the second series of passes both the horizontal rolls (5, 6) and the vertical rolls (7, 8) of the universal stand (11) simultaneously reduce the web and flanges, respectively. The rough-beam being formed during the second series of passes is also rolled in the open grooves of a two high stand.

Abstract: A process for forming a rail blank in a universal stand, starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular cross-section comprising a first series of passes for cutting into the web forming portion by way of horizontal rolls (2, 3) accompanied by reduction of the head by way of one of the vertical roll (5), and a second series of passes for simultaneously reducing the head flank forming portions by the horizontal rolls (2, 3) and the base forming portions by one of the vertical roll (4) of the universal stand, the other roll (5) remaining non-active.

Abstract: The primary blank 1, which is to be transformed into a finished rail by means of universal passes, edging passes and a finishing pass, is characterized by a symmetric `.UPSILON.` section the thickness of which always varies in the same way. It is designed to be shaped exclusively in open grooves.This primary blank 1 is roughed in a specific manner in a universal stand and undergoes a strong forging which improves the quality of the finished rail. A secondary blank is then formed which has a special shape allowing the production by universal rolling of a very accurate profile of the finished rail.

Abstract: The set of horizontal rolls or the set of horizontal and vertical rolls of a universal stand, especially a finishing stand for universal rolling of rails or like sections has, in addition to the finishing grooves, grooves other than universal or finishing grooves, preferably edging grooves.

Abstract: Rolling mill rolls having open grooves comprising active and relatively non-active portions are provided wherein at least two such grooves are overlapped by their relatively non-active portions. Also disclosed are processes for feeding such rolls, a stand connecting such rolls and a universal rolling mill having stands incorporating such rolls.