Abstract: A method is disclosed for reconstructing a current block in units of sub-blocks included in the current block. The method includes: decoding transform coefficients in a transform block of the current block, sub-block information indicating a division form of the sub-blocks and transform type information indicating a transform type applied to the transform block from a bitstream; deriving a residual block of the current block from the transform coefficients on the basis of the transform type indicated by the transform type information and the sub-block information; and filtering boundaries of the sub-blocks in a reconstructed block of the current block derived on the basis of the residual block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a decoding method and apparatus and an encoding method and apparatus for deriving an intra-prediction mode. An intra-prediction mode may be derived using a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode based on a neighbor block of the target block, a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode using signaling of the intra-prediction mode of the target block, or a method for deriving an adaptive intra-prediction mode based on the type of a target slice. An MPM list may be used to derive the intra-prediction mode, and a temporal neighbor block or the like may be used to configure the MPM list.

Abstract: The quantum dot comprises a ligand which is a copolymer comprising a first repeating unit comprising at least one or more hole transporting functional groups and a second repeating unit comprising at least one or more photocrosslinking functional groups.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device includes a liquid crystal display panel; and a backlight unit configured to supply light to the liquid crystal display panel, wherein the backlight unit includes a light source array including a plurality of blocks each including a plurality of light sources, and a light source driver configured to control the plurality of blocks, the plurality of blocks are divided into a plurality of groups, and blocks belonging to a same group are arranged consecutively in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A display apparatus can include a substrate having a penetrating area and a separating area, the penetrating area including a substrate hole, a first buffer layer having a first-buffer lower layer, and a first-buffer upper layer, a first thin film transistor including a first semiconductor pattern, a first gate electrode, and a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, a first interlayer insulating film; a second interlayer insulating film, an opening extending through the second interlayer insulating film, the first interlayer insulating film, the first gate insulating film and the first-buffer upper layer, and a separation structure in the opening, the separation structure including a first separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first-buffer upper layer, a second separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate insulating film, and a third separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for reusing wastewater. The method for reusing wastewater disclosed herein includes: generating a mixed wastewater by mixing multiple types of wastewater (S20); performing a first purification by passing the mixed wastewater through a flocculation-sedimentation unit (S40); performing a second purification by passing an effluent of the flocculation-sedimentation unit through a membrane bioreactor (MBR) (S60); performing a third purification by passing an effluent of the MBR through a reverse-osmosis membrane unit (S80); and reusing an effluent of the reverse-osmosis membrane unit as cooling water or industrial water (S100).

Abstract: An integrated control apparatus for an autonomous vehicle includes: a movable control device corresponding to a portable device that performs steering, gear-shifting, acceleration, and braking of a vehicle by a user's control when a driving mode is shifted from an autonomous driving mode to a manual driving mode; and a fixed display device controlled in a touch manner to perform other functions other than steering, gear-shifting, acceleration, and braking, wherein a steering dial switch, a gear-shifting slide switch, an acceleration rotary switch, and a brake button switch are disposed in the movable control device and are manipulated differently.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device produced thereby. For example and without limitation, various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and a semiconductor device produced thereby, that comprises an interposer without through silicon vias.

Abstract: Provided are a light-emitting diode structure and a light-emitting diode manufacturing method. The light-emitting diode manufacturing method comprises the operations of: preparing a lower substrate, which includes a substrate and a separation layer formed on the substrate, and preparing at least one semiconductor rod, which is formed on the separation layer, forming a rod structure, which includes a rod protecting layer formed on the separation layer to surround the at least one semiconductor rod and an auxiliary layer formed on at least part of the rod protecting layer and separating the rod structure from the lower substrate by removing the separation layer, and separating the at least one semiconductor rod from the rod structure.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an outer housing that comprises a first surface facing a first direction, a second surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction, and a side surface surrounding a space between the first surface and the second surface, a display adapted to expose at least a portion of the display through the first surface of the outer housing, a PCB arranged between the second surface and the display in an interior of the outer housing, a communication circuit arranged on or over the PCB, a first conductive structure formed of at least one of the first surface or at least a portion of the side surface is electrically connected to the communication circuit, and a second conductive structure formed of the portion of the display electrically connected to the first conductive structure.

Abstract: A packaging device including bumps and a method of manufacturing the packaging device are presented. In the method of manufacturing a packaging device, a dielectric layer that covers a packaging base is formed and a lower layer is formed over a packaging base including first and second connecting pads. A plurality of dummy bumps that overlaps with the dielectric layer is formed. A sealing pattern that covers the dummy bumps, filling areas between the dummy bumps, is formed. A lower layer pattern in which the plurality of dummy bumps have been disposed is formed by removing portions of the lower layer that are exposed and do not overlap with the sealing pattern.

Abstract: A method of reducing a concentration of a nitrogen oxide, the method comprising: contacting a microorganism with a nitrogen oxide-containing sample to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the sample, wherein the contacting comprises contacting the microorganism with Fe(II)(L)-NOx in a bioreactor, wherein the Fe(II)(L)-NOx is a complex in which a chelating agent, Fe2+, and NOx are chelated, wherein L is the chelating agent, and wherein NOx is a nitrogen oxide ligand.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell wherein carbon nanotubes are impregnated into Korean paper, thereby enhancing electroconductivity, and a gas diffusion layer manufactured thereby. The method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell which is to manufacture a gas diffusion layer as a constituent member of a unit cell in a fuel cell, includes a support preparation step of preparing a support with Korean paper; a dispersion preparation step of dispersing a carbon substance in a solvent to form a dispersion, a coating step of coating the support with the dispersion, and a thermal treatment step of thermally treating the dispersion-coated support to fix the carbon substance to the support.

Abstract: A memory system includes a host circuit and a memory circuit. The host circuit controls a bandwidth of a command-address signal based on data driving cycle information. The memory circuit performs an input/output operation based on the command-address signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel in a display area. The pixel includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are spaced apart from each other, a first insulating layer disposed on the first and second electrodes and including a trench corresponding to a region between the first and second electrodes, light emitting elements disposed in the trench, each of the light emitting elements including a first end portion and a second end portion, a first contact electrode disposed on the first end portion of each of the light emitting elements and the first electrode, and a second contact electrode disposed on the second end portion of each of the light emitting elements and the second electrode. The trench includes a first trench accommodating the light emitting elements, and second trenches disposed in the first trench.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for surface treatment of a steel sheet, the composition having excellent resistance to an acid, such as sulfuric acid, and to a coated steel sheet to which the composition for surface treatment is applied, wherein the composition for surface treatment comprises 30-50% wt % of colloidal silica containing 5-20 nm-sized silica, 40-60% wt % of silane containing three or more alkoxy groups, 5-15 wt % of an acrylate-based organic monomer, 0.01-1 wt % of an acid, and 1-15 wt % of a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst including preparing a carbon carrier, and depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst on the carbon carrier, in which the carbon carrier is surface-treated by an oxidation process, and wherein the deposition is carried out by an arc plasma process.

Abstract: A seat for a vehicle, includes a second row center seat and a second row side seat provided on a partition wall positioned rearward of a driver seat, the second row center seat may move leftward or rightward, and an interval between the seats may be increased in a state in which the second row center seat is moved in a right direction away from the second row side seat, which makes it possible to maximally prevent body contact between a passenger in the second row center seat and a passenger in the second row side seat.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode current collector, and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes cathode active material particles. The cathode active material particles include a lithium metal oxide particle containing nickel and having a mole fraction of cobalt of 0.02 or less among all elements except lithium and oxygen.

Abstract: A sterilization apparatus includes a main body, and a plurality of sterilization modules. The main body defines a sterilization space for sterilization of a sterilization target. The sterilization modules are disposed on a plurality of inner surfaces of the main body surrounding the sterilization space, respectively, and deliver germicidal light to the sterilization space. In addition, the sterilization module includes a support member and a plurality of light sources. A space between adjacent light sources disposed in some regions of the support member is different from a space between adjacent light sources disposed in the other regions of the support member.