Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a crystallization method of branched-chain amino acids capable of sustainably cycling ammonia, and branched-chain amino acid crystal produced by the method.

Abstract: A glass article including any one or several of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Li2O, SnO2 and a fusion line. The glass article can also include a liquidus viscosity less than or equal to 100 kP. In some embodiments, the glass article includes, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, from 3 mol % to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, from 0 mol % to 5 mol % P2O5, from 5 mol % to 11 mol % Li2O, less than or equal to 0.2 mol % SnO2.

Abstract: Apparatuses for making a laminated glass ribbon may include an upper forming body including an outer forming surface bounded by a pair of upper dams, and a lower forming body disposed downstream of the upper forming body and including an outer forming surface spaced from the outer forming surface of the upper forming body by an interior gap. An edge guide may be disposed along an interior upper dam wall and spaced apart in the interior gap from the lower forming body. Surfaces exterior to the outer forming surfaces of the upper and lower forming bodies may abut and be joined. A formed glass ribbon having a core glass layer and a pair of clad glass layers may include inner and outer portions that have substantially equal thickness ratios based on a glass core layer thickness compared to a combined glass cladding layer thickness in each portion.

Abstract: Apparatuses for making a laminated glass ribbon may include an upper forming body including an outer forming surface bounded by a pair of upper dams, and a lower forming body disposed downstream of the upper forming body and including an outer forming surface spaced from the outer forming surface of the upper forming body by an interior gap. An edge guide may be disposed along an interior upper dam wall and spaced apart in the interior gap from the lower forming body. Surfaces exterior to the outer forming surfaces of the upper and lower forming bodies may abut and be joined. A formed glass ribbon having a core glass layer and a pair of clad glass layers may include inner and outer portions that have substantially equal thickness ratios based on a glass core layer thickness compared to a combined glass cladding layer thickness in each portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a glass sheet including a forming apparatus, a transition member, and a heat transfer device. The forming apparatus forms a glass ribbon from a supply of molten glass. The transition member encloses the glass ribbon adjacent the forming apparatus, and defines an interior space through which the glass ribbon passes. The heat transfer device is disposed within the interior space, and comprises a tube and a fin. The tube defines an exterior surface and an interior passage. The fin projects from the exterior surface. With this construction, the heat transfer device functions to extract heat radiated by the glass ribbon while minimizing the formation of flow vortices.

Abstract: An aluminosilicate glass, including in mole percent on an oxide basis, MgO+CaO+SrO+Li2O+ZnO+Y2O3+ZrO2+La2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+Ta2O5 in a range of from 5 mol % to 25 mol %. The glass is processable by (i) flowing the glass in a molten state over forming surfaces to form a glass ribbon, the forming surfaces converging at a root and (ii) drawing the glass ribbon using pulling rollers to form a glass sheet, wherein the pulling rollers are spaced at a pulling roller distance from the root, and wherein the glass exhibits a viscosity curve slope obtained by plotting a temperature gradient to increase a root viscosity of the glass at the root, to a higher viscosity at one of several positions between the root and the pulling rollers, and a viscosity of the glass at the pulling rollers. The glass comprises a liquidus viscosity, the root viscosity being less than the liquidus viscosity, and the glass comprising a viscosity curve slope that prevents a baggy warp defect.

Abstract: A glass article including any one or several of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Li2O, SnO2 and a fusion line. The glass article can also include a liquidus viscosity less than or equal to 100 kP. In some embodiments, the glass article includes, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, from 3 mol % to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, from 0 mol % to 5 mol % P2O5, from 5 mol % to 11 mol % Li2O, less than or equal to 0.2 mol % SnO2.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a glass sheet including a forming apparatus, a transition member, and a heat transfer device. The forming apparatus forms a glass ribbon from a supply of molten glass. The transition member encloses the glass ribbon adjacent the forming apparatus, and defines an interior space through which the glass ribbon passes. The heat transfer device is disposed within the interior space, and comprises a tube and a fin. The tube defines an exterior surface and an interior passage. The fin projects from the exterior surface. With this construction, the heat transfer device functions to extract heat radiated by the glass ribbon while minimizing the formation of flow vortices.

Abstract: A glass article including any one or several of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Li2O, SnO2 and a fusion line. The glass article can also include a liquidus viscosity less than or equal to 100 kP. In some embodiments, the glass article includes, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, from 3 mol % to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, from 0 mol % to 5 mol % P2O5, from 5 mol % to 11 mol % Li2O, less than or equal to 0.2 mol % SnO2.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a thickness of a substrate, such as a glass ribbon. The control apparatus comprises a laser assembly and a shielding assembly. The laser assembly generates an elongated laser beam traveling in a propagation direction along an optical path. The shielding assembly comprises at least one shield selectively disposed in the optical path. The shield is configured to decrease an optical intensity of a region of the elongated laser beam. The shielding assembly is configured to change an intensity profile of the elongated laser beam from an initial intensity profile to a targeted intensity profile. A desired targeted intensity profile can be dictated by an arrangement of the shield(s) relative to the optical path, and can be selected to affect a temperature change at portions of the substrate determined to benefit from a reduction in thickness.

Abstract: A forming body enclosure may include a top panel and a pair of side panels. Each of the pair of side panels of the enclosure may include a plurality of cradle joints extending along a length of the forming body, a plurality of bottom row tiles and a plurality of top row tiles. The plurality the plurality of top row tiles are positioned above the plurality of bottom row tiles with at least one of the plurality of cradle joints positioned between the plurality of bottom row tiles and plurality of top row tiles. The plurality of top row tiles and the plurality of bottom row tiles are seated within the plurality of cradle joints to form each of the pair of side panels.

Abstract: A glass forming apparatus may include a forming body positioned within an enclosure having a top panel and a pair of side panels. The forming body includes an inlet end and a trough defined by a pair of spaced apart weirs extending with an incline from the inlet end. The top panel is positioned above and extends substantially parallel to and across top surfaces of the pair of spaced apart weirs. The apparatus may also include a support plate positioned above and extending substantially parallel to and across the top panel of the enclosure and the weirs. An array of thermal elements of uniform size are suspended from the support plate and positioned above the trough of the forming body. The array of thermal elements may have bottom portions that are positioned equidistant from the top panel of the enclosure along the length of the forming body.

Abstract: Apparatuses for making a laminated glass ribbon may include an upper forming body including an outer forming surface bounded by a pair of upper dams, and a lower forming body disposed downstream of the upper forming body and including an outer forming surface spaced from the outer forming surface of the upper forming body by an interior gap. An edge guide may be disposed along an interior upper dam wall and spaced apart in the interior gap from the lower forming body. Surfaces exterior to the outer forming surfaces of the upper and lower forming bodies may abut and be joined. A formed glass ribbon having a core glass layer and a pair of clad glass layers may include inner and outer portions that have substantially equal thickness ratios based on a glass core layer thickness compared to a combined glass cladding layer thickness in each portion.

Abstract: A glass article including any one or several of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Li2O, SnO2 and a fusion line. The glass article can also include a liquidus viscosity less than or equal to 100 kP. In some embodiments, the glass article includes, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, from 3 mol % to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, from 0 mol % to 5 mol % P2O5, from 5 mol % to 11 mol % Li2O, less than or equal to 0.2 mol % SnO2.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for compensating the varying weight of a glass ribbon the glass ribbon is drawn from a molten glass forming material, and an apparatus therefore. The weight compensating apparatus is configured to apply a force to the glass ribbon that is inversely proportional to the weight of the glass ribbon such that as the glass ribbon weight increases, the force applied to the glass ribbon by the weight compensating device decreases.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for compensating the varying weight of a glass ribbon the glass ribbon is drawn from a molten glass forming material, and an apparatus therefore. The weight compensating apparatus is configured to apply a force to the glass ribbon that is inversely proportional to the weight of the glass ribbon such that as the glass ribbon weight increases, the force applied to the glass ribbon by the weight compensating device decreases.