Abstract: An intra prediction method and a device using the intra prediction method are provided. The intra prediction method includes the steps of: deriving a current prediction mode as a prediction mode of a current block; constructing neighboring samples of the current block with available reference samples; filtering the available reference samples; and generating predicted samples of the current block on the basis of the filtered available reference samples. The filtering step includes performing the filtering using the available reference sample located in the prediction direction of the current prediction mode and a predetermined number of available reference samples neighboring to the prediction direction of the current prediction mode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an insertion type compact disc case which is designed to simultaneously push forward opposite sides of a rear periphery of a disc, received in a case body, thereby securing safe and accurate discharge of the disc. The disc case comprises a case body internally defining a square receiving space, into and from which a circular compact disc is inserted and discharged through an opening formed at a front surface thereof, a pair of elongated slits laterally formed at a rear surface of the case body, and a pair of discharge operating cam plates symmetrically arranged at both lateral positions in a rear region of the receiving space in correspondence to both the elongated slits so that they are laterally movable along guide units. Rear portions of the discharge operating cam plates protrude outward beyond the elongated slits so as to be exposed to the outside, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an insertion type compact disc case which is designed to simultaneously push forward opposite sides of a rear periphery of a disc, received in a case body, thereby securing safe and accurate discharge of the disc. The disc case comprises a case body internally defining a square receiving space, into and from which a circular compact disc is inserted and discharged through an opening formed at a front surface thereof, a pair of elongated slits laterally formed at a rear surface of the case body, and a pair of discharge operating cam plates symmetrically arranged at both lateral positions in a rear region of the receiving space in correspondence to both the elongated slits so that they are laterally movable along guide units. Rear portions of the discharge operating cam plates protrude outward beyond the elongated slits so as to be exposed to the outside, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device employs a vacuum system, in which a heating source is installed in a predetermined portion of a venting-gas inlet. A venting-speed controlling valve is installed in a predetermined portion of an exhaust pipe, for controlling the speed of gas flowing from a load lock chamber to a pump by controlling the opening and closing thereof. An exhaust pipe may have a main pipe with different diameters in different portions to reduce the venting speed. Accordingly, condensation-induced particle formation can be reduced by thus preventing adiabatic expansion of the gas in a load lock chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device by employing a vacuum system is provided. A heating source is installed in a predetermined portion of a venting-gas inlet. A venting-speed controlling valve is installed in a predetermined portion of an exhaust pipe, for controlling the speed of gas flowing from a load lock chamber to a pump by controlling the opening and closing thereof. An exhaust pipe may have a main pipe with different diameters in different portions to reduce the venting speed. Accordingly, condensation-induced particle formation can be reduced by thus preventing adiabatic expansion of the gas in a load lock chamber.