Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a first substrate and a light emitting element layer disposed on the first substrate; and a sound generator disposed on one surface of the first substrate, where the sound generator vibrates the display panel to output a sound. The sound generator includes: a first vibration generator which vibrates the display panel by generating a magnetic force using a first voice coil therein; and a second vibration generator including a vibration layer which contracts or expands based on a voltage applied thereto to vibrate the display panel, where the first vibration generator and the second vibration generator overlap each other in a thickness direction of the display panel.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting element layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, where the light emitting element outputs light to the second substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a surface of the first substrate, where the first sound generator vibrates the display panel to output a sound; and a first buffer member disposed on the surface of the first substrate, where a height of the first buffer member is less than a height of the first sound generator.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a vibration sound device disposed below the display panel, a lower panel sheet disposed adjacent to the vibration sound device below the display panel and including a functional layer and a bottom coupling layer disposed on a lower surface of the functional layer, and a bracket disposed below the vibration sound device and the lower panel sheet and coupled with the bottom coupling layer, wherein the bottom coupling layer partially exposes the lower surface of the functional layer, a separation space is defined between the bracket and the lower surface of the functional layer where the bottom coupling layer is exposed, and the separation space is partially connected with the vibration sound device.

Abstract: A bottom member includes a light-absorbing element; a top coupling layer disposed on the light-absorbing element; a first buffer element disposed under the light-absorbing element, where a first opening is defined in the first buffer element; a filling layer disposed in the first opening; and a vibrating acoustic element disposed below the first buffer element, where the vibrating acoustic element overlaps with the first opening and the light-absorbing element when viewed from a top, and the vibrating acoustic element is coupled with the first buffer element via the filling layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting element layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, where the light emitting element outputs light to the second substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a surface of the first substrate, where the first sound generator vibrates the display panel to output a sound; and a first buffer member disposed on the surface of the first substrate, where a height of the first buffer member is less than a height of the first sound generator.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area including: a stretchable display area at which the display panel is stretchable, disposed at an outer edge of the display device, and a normal display area having flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area, the normal display area disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the stretchable display area; a cover window disposed on the display panel, including a peripheral portion and a central portion which is disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the peripheral portion; and a vibration member disposing the normal display area having the flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area between the central portion of the cover window and the vibration member along a thickness direction of the display device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a second surface of the substrate, which is opposite to the first surface of the substrate, the first sound generator being configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a first sound signal to output first sound; and a second sound generator disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the second sound generator configured to vibrate the display panel in accordance with a second sound signal to output second sound, wherein the first sound includes both sound in a low-frequency range and sound in a high-frequency range, which is higher than the low-frequency range, and the second sound includes sound in the high-frequency range.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area including: a stretchable display area at which the display panel is stretchable, disposed at an outer edge of the display device, and a normal display area having flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area, the normal display area disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the stretchable display area; a cover window disposed on the display panel, including a peripheral portion and a central portion which is disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the peripheral portion; and a vibration member disposing the normal display area having the flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area between the central portion of the cover window and the vibration member along a thickness direction of the display device.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a first substrate and a light emitting element layer disposed on the first substrate; and a sound generator disposed on one surface of the first substrate, where the sound generator vibrates the display panel to output a sound. The sound generator includes: a first vibration generator which vibrates the display panel by generating a magnetic force using a first voice coil therein; and a second vibration generator including a vibration layer which contracts or expands based on a voltage applied thereto to vibrate the display panel, where the first vibration generator and the second vibration generator overlap each other in a thickness direction of the display panel.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting element layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, where the light emitting element outputs light to the second substrate; a first sound generator disposed on a surface of the first substrate, where the first sound generator vibrates the display panel to output a sound; and a first buffer member disposed on the surface of the first substrate, where a height of the first buffer member is less than a height of the first sound generator.

Abstract: A method of performing diagnostic communication with a vehicle using a diagnostic device includes: acquiring a certificate revocation list (CRL) corresponding to a certificate of the diagnostic device from an external device, verifying a validity of the certificate using the acquired CRL, performing authentication with the vehicle when the validity of the certificate is verified, and starting diagnostic communication between the diagnostic device and the vehicle when the authentication is performed.

Abstract: A display device that includes a display panel having a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light-emitting element layer. The light emitting layer is disposed between the first and second substrates and is configured to emit light in a direction toward the second substrate. A first sound generator is disposed on a first surface of the first substrate and is configured to vibrate the display panel to output a first sound. A first heat dissipation film is disposed between the first substrate and the first sound generator.

Abstract: A memory cell array includes memory cells that are formed in vertical channels extended in a vertical direction with respect to a substrate. The vertical channels are arranged in a zigzag manner in parallel to the first direction. A read-write circuit is connected to the memory cells via bit lines. An address decoder decodes an address to provide decoded address signals to the read-write, circuit. The memory cells include outer cells and inner cells. A distance between one of the outer cells and a common source node is smaller than a distance between one of the inner cells and the common source node. Data of the memory cells are distributed among ECC sectors and a data input-output order of the memory cells is arranged such that each ECC sector has substantially the same number of the outer cells and the inner cells. Each ECC sector corresponds to an ECC operation unit.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel which includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting element layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and outputting light to the second substrate, a first sound generator which is disposed on a surface of the first substrate and outputs sound by vibrating the display panel, and a first buffer member which is disposed on the surface of the first substrate, where a height of the first buffer member is smaller than that of the first sound generator.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel displaying an image, a lower frame disposed under the display panel, a first vibration element attached to a lower surface of the display panel and which generates a first vibration based on a first vibration signal, a second vibration element disposed under the lower frame and which generates a second vibration based on a second vibration signal, and a first vibration driver circuit which provides the first vibration signal to the first vibration element, where a phase of the second vibration signal is opposite to a phase of the first vibration signal.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel configured to display an image; a touch sensing device configured to sense a touch of an object; a sound driver configured to generate and transmit a first sound driving signal and a second sound driving signal according to first sound data and second sound data; and a sound generator configured to generate a sound according to the first and second sound driving signals, such that a sound pressure level in a first frequency range is between first and second sound pressure levels in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, wherein the display device is in the first operating mode in response to the touch sensing device not sensing the touch of the object, and the display device is in the second operating mode in response to the touch sensing device sensing the touch of the object.

Abstract: The display device comprises: a display panel; a sound generator under the display panel; a frame disposed under the display panel and the sound generator; and a porous layer disposed adjacent to the sound generator between the display panel and the frame and having a plurality of air pockets, wherein the porous layer has a porosity of about 90% or more.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area including: a stretchable display area at which the display panel is stretchable, disposed at an outer edge of the display device, and a normal display area having flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area, the normal display area disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the stretchable display area; a cover window disposed on the display panel, including a peripheral portion and a central portion which is disposed further from the outer edge of the display device than the peripheral portion; and a vibration member disposing the normal display area having the flexibility less than that of the stretchable display area between the central portion of the cover window and the vibration member along a thickness direction of the display device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a vibration sound device disposed below the display panel, a lower panel sheet disposed adjacent to the vibration sound device below the display panel and including a functional layer and a bottom coupling layer disposed on a lower surface of the functional layer, and a bracket disposed below the vibration sound device and the lower panel sheet and coupled with the bottom coupling layer, wherein the bottom coupling layer partially exposes the lower surface of the functional layer, a separation space is defined between the bracket and the lower surface of the functional layer where the bottom coupling layer is exposed, and the separation space is partially connected with the vibration sound device.