Abstract: A data receiving device may include a dummy stage block. The dummy stage block may include m dummy stages, wherein m is a natural number greater than or equal to two. Each of the m dummy stages may be configured to remove inter-symbol interference (ISI) from a dummy input signal using dummy coefficient information to generate a dummy output signal free of the ISI. Each of the m dummy stages may be further configured to output the dummy output signal. A normal stage block may include n normal stages, wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to two. Each of the n normal stages may be configured to remove ISI from an input signal using coefficient information to generate an output signal free of the ISI and may be further configured to output the output signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of directly detecting, using a mass-spectrometry method, whether a microorganism contained in a sample is resistant to antibiotics, and a kit for detection used therewith. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and kit for directly detecting an antibiotic hydrolase secreted by a microorganism resistant to antibiotics, thereby directly determining whether the microorganism is resistant to antibiotics. According to the present invention, it is possible to very simply and immediately confirm whether a specific strain is resistant to antibiotics in the field. In particular, a complicated pretreatment process such as proteolysis is not performed, and a complicated identification process of calibrating and then combining the obtained results is not performed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of directly detecting, using a mass-spectrometry method, whether a microorganism contained in a sample is resistant to antibiotics, and a kit for detection used therewith. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and kit for directly detecting an antibiotic hydrolase secreted by a microorganism resistant to antibiotics, thereby directly determining whether the microorganism is resistant to antibiotics. According to the present invention, it is possible to very simply and immediately confirm whether a specific strain is resistant to antibiotics in the field. In particular, a complicated pretreatment process such as proteolysis is not performed, and a complicated identification process of calibrating and then combining the obtained results is not performed.

Abstract: In a holographic digital data storage system, a light source generates a reference beam, a holographic optical element saves a plurality of interference patterns between the reference beam and a plurality of beams of specific sizes and a beam splitter splits each reproduced beam into a holographic signal beam and a holographic reference beam. A medium records an interference pattern between the holographic reference beam and the holographic signal beam and reflecting the holographic reference beam to generate a reflective information beam and, if only the holographic reference beam is illuminated, a displaying means displays a holographic reproduced beam for the holographic signal beam and detecting the reflective information beam.

Abstract: An optical system capable of selectively processing CD, DVD and holographic digital data is provided. The system includes a beam generation unit providing a linearly polarized light beam; a beam splitter for respectively reflecting and transmitting a first and a second linearly polarized light beam component; an optical sensor; a first beam path through which the first linearly polarized light beam component propagates to serve as a reference beam for the holographic digital data; and a second beam path for accepting the second linearly polarized light beam component, the second light beam component serving as a beam source for reproducing the CD and DVD digital data, wherein a beam carrying digital data reproduced from any one of CD, DVD and holographic storage medium propagates along the second beam path and is reflected by the beam splitter toward the optical sensor.

Abstract: A holographic digital data storage apparatus detects a wobbling in a disc shaped storage medium, wherein the apparatus includes a beam generator and finding means, the disc including therein one or more holographically generated patterns. The beam generator projects at least two wobble detection beams to the holographically generated patterns, the wobble detection beams having different diffraction efficiencies provided at respective characteristic angles, wherein the characteristic angle is an angle between an optical path of one wobble detection beam and that of its corresponding pattern forming beam used in forming one of the holographically generated patterns and a diffraction efficiency is given by a ratio of a power of a diffracted beam of one of the wobble detection beams to a power of said one of the wobble detection beams. The finding means finds at least a difference between the diffraction efficiencies to thereby determine the wobbling in the disc.

Abstract: There is provided an optical information recording apparatus comprising: a light source; a light modulator in which a reference beam pattern for converting a beam emitted from the light source into a reference beam and a signal beam pattern for converting the beam into a signal beam are formed and varies the reference beam pattern at the time of multiplexing and recording optical information; and a lens allowing optical information to be recorded in an optical information storage medium by means of interference between the reference beam and the signal beam when the signal beam and the reference beam emitted from the light modulator are irradiated to the optical information storage medium. Accordingly, in an optical information processing apparatus using a coaxial optical system, it is possible to more efficiently multiplex optical information and to enhance a storage density of holographic optical information.

Abstract: A holographic digital data storage apparatus detects a wobbling in a disc shaped storage medium, wherein the apparatus includes a beam generator and finding means, the disc including therein one or more holographically generated patterns. The beam generator projects at least two wobble detection beams to the holographically generated patterns, the wobble detection beams having different diffraction efficiencies provided at respective characteristic angles, wherein the characteristic angle is an angle between an optical path of one wobble detection beam and that of its corresponding pattern forming beam used in forming one of the holographically generated patterns and a diffraction efficiency is given by a ratio of a power of a diffracted beam of one of the wobble detection beams to a power of said one of the wobble detection beams. The finding means finds at least a difference between the diffraction efficiencies to thereby determine the wobbling in the disc.

Abstract: A holographic digital data storage apparatus detects a wobbling in a disc shaped storage medium, wherein the apparatus includes a beam generator and finding means, the disc including therein one or more holographically generated patterns. The beam generator projects at least two wobble detection beams to the holographically generated patterns, the wobble detection beams having different diffraction efficiencies provided at respective characteristic angles, wherein the characteristic angle is an angle between an optical path of one wobble detection beam and that of its corresponding pattern forming beam used in forming one of the holographically generated patterns and a diffraction efficiency is given by a ratio of a power of a diffracted beam of one of the wobble detection beams to a power of said one of the wobble detection beams. The finding means finds at least a difference between the diffraction efficiencies to thereby determine the wobbling in the disc.

Abstract: A block coding algorithm uses an original block group having n+1 original blocks of m-bit message, which a first original block of m-bit message is encoded as a reference block of n-bit codeword and n original blocks of m-bit message placed after the first original block of m-bit message are encoded as n weighted blocks of n-bit codeword, based on a bit sequence of the reference block. A block decoding algorithm decodes n weighted blocks to generate corresponding original blocks of m-bit message and reconstructs the first original block of m-bit message from a sequence of reference bits, wherein each reference bit implies whether each of n weighted blocks is an A type weighted block or a B type weighted block.

Abstract: In a holographic digital data storage system, a light source generates a reference beam, a holographic optical element saves a plurality of interference patterns between the reference beam and a plurality of beams of specific sizes and a beam splitter splits each reproduced beam into a holographic signal beam and a holographic reference beam. A medium records an interference pattern between the holographic reference beam and the holographic signal beam and reflecting the holographic reference beam to generate a reflective information beam and, if only the holographic reference beam is illuminated, a displaying means displays a holographic reproduced beam for the holographic signal beam and detecting the reflective information beam.

Abstract: In a holographic digital data storage system, a light source generates a reference beam, a holographic optical element saves a plurality of interference patterns between the reference beam and a plurality of beams of specific sizes and a beam splitter splits each reproduced beam into a holographic signal beam and a holographic reference beam. A medium records an interference pattern between the holographic reference beam and the holographic signal beam and reflecting the holographic reference beam to generate a reflective information beam and, if only the holographic reference beam is illuminated, a displaying means displays a holographic reproduced beam for the holographic signal beam and detecting the reflective information beam.

Abstract: A holographic apparatus includes a mask for modulating a signal beam to generate a modulated signal beam; a conical prism, which has a cone portion and a base portion, for refracting a reference beam to generate a refracted reference beam, wherein the refracted reference beam interferes with the modulated signal beam in a holographic medium to thereby record data thereon, the base portion facing the holographic medium. The holographic apparatus can be miniaturized by a positional relationship between the conical prism and the holographic medium.

Abstract: An optical system capable of selectively processing CD, DVD and holographic digital data is provided. The system includes a beam generation unit providing a linearly polarized light beam; a beam splitter for respectively reflecting and transmitting a first and a second linearly polarized light beam component; an optical sensor; a first beam path through which the first linearly polarized light beam component propagates to serve as a reference beam for the holographic digital data; and a second beam path for accepting the second linearly polarized light beam component, the second light beam component serving as a beam source for reproducing the CD and DVD digital data, wherein a beam carrying digital data reproduced from any one of CD, DVD and holographic storage medium propagates along the second beam path and is reflected by the beam splitter toward the optical sensor.

Abstract: In a coding method, a (2N?1)st original block of m bits is encoded as an A type weighted block of n bits and a 2Nth original block of m bits is encoded as a B type weighted block of n bits. In a decoding method, if a weighted block of n bits is the A type block, the weighted block of n bits is decoded as the (2N?1)st original block of m bits, and if otherwise, the weighted block of n bits is decoded as the 2Nth original block of m bits.

Abstract: A data input method is applied to a holographic digital data storage system in which sequential binary input data bits are arranged in an interleaved manner among pages. A first data bit is arranged in a specific position of a predetermined page, a second data bit is arranged in a specific position having similar beam intensity with that of the first data bit. Using this method, the holographic digital data storage system can be less affected by the adverse effect of spatial beam intensity variations and makes the entire data interleaved automatically to obtain more stable output data.

Abstract: A volume holographic digital data storage system includes a light source, a beam splitter, a spatial light modulator (SLM), a beam reducer including a beam transmission region and a beam absorption or reflection region, a first actuator, a first reflection mirror, a second reflection mirror, a first lens, a second actuator and a storage medium. By reducing the size of a reference beam through the use of the beam reducer and varying an incident location of the reference beam on the first lens by changing the positions of the beam reducer and the first or second reflection mirror, recording density of a holographic digital data storage system can be greatly increased.

Abstract: A holographic apparatus includes a mask for modulating a signal beam to generate a modulated signal beam; a conical prism, which has a cone portion and a base portion, for refracting a reference beam to generate a refracted reference beam, wherein the refracted reference beam interferes with the modulated signal beam in a holographic medium to thereby record data thereon, the base portion facing the holographic medium. The holographic apparatus can be miniaturized by a positional relationship between the conical prism and the holographic medium.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system includes a light source for emitting a laser beam; an expanding unit for expanding the laser beam; and a mask for modulating a certain portion of the expanded laser beam to thereby generate a signal beam which is directly provided to a holographic medium and sifting the remainder portion of the expanded laser beam to thereby generate a reference beam which is provided to a conical mirror reflecting the reference beam toward the holographic medium. The holographic medium is composed of a recording region onto which both the reference beam and the signal beam are projected; and a transparent region which passes through the reference beam sifted by the mask, to thereby provide the reference beam to the conical mirror.

Abstract: A method for correcting an error in N:N+1 channel codes categorizes 2N+1 codeword (N+1)-tuples into M subsets of codeword (N+1)-tuples, wherein each subset G has NG codeword (N+1)-tuples and the total number of codeword (N+1)-tuples in the M subsets is 2N and wherein each subset G has a predetermined number KG of lower bits and a predetermined number (N+1−KG) of higher bits and the number of lower bits in every codeword (N+1)-tuple in any subset is not equivalent to that of lower bits in every codeword (N+1)-tuple in any other subset. The 2N message N-tuples are mapped with said 2N codeword (N+1)-tuples in the M subsets, respectively, in one-to-one correspondence to generate a lookup table.