Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a serum exosomal SF3B4 marker composition for diagnosing early stage hepatocellular carcinoma for noninvasive in vitro diagnosis, wherein, by analyzing an expression level of SF3B4 in plasma proteins as well as expression of SF3B4 in exosomes present in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the possibility as the most suitable liquid biopsy marker was identified, and a new noninvasive biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma for which no reliable biomarker exists at this present was discovered. As such, by using exosomes to identify cancer cell genomes and proteomes without biopsy, the exosomes are highly applicable in the future as a diagnostic biomarker that is useful in a disease group with a high risk in the biopsy such as hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of unit pixels, each including: a substrate including first and second sides which are opposite to each other, a photoelectric conversion layer in the substrate, and a wiring structure on the first side of the substrate. The wiring structure may include: a first capacitor, a second capacitor spaced from the first capacitor, a plurality of edge vias arranged along edges of the unit pixel, and a plurality of central vias interposed between the first capacitor and the second capacitor.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a user inputter receiving a user input; a content receiver receiving content data from a content source; a display configured to display an image included in the content data; a sound output configured to output sound included in the content data; and a processor configured to decode the content data into sound data, set a sound parameter according to a result of reinforcement learning about the sound parameter based on the user input, convert the sound data into a sound signal according to the set sound parameter, and control the sound output to output the sound corresponding to the sound signal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electronic apparatus including: a user input unit; an audio output unit; and a processor configured to identify whether a changing pattern of audio volume levels is present based on a history of the audio volume levels set by a user for a predetermined period of time, perform automatic volume-level control, by which an audio volume level of the audio output unit is controlled based on the changing pattern of the audio volume levels, based on presence of the corresponding pattern, and perform no automatic volume-level control, based on absence of the changing pattern of the audio volume levels.

Abstract: A speech enhancement method is provided. The speech enhancement method includes: estimating a direction of a speaker by using an input signal, generating direction information indicating the estimated direction, detecting speech of a speaker based on a result of the estimating the direction, and enhancing the speech of the speaker by using the direction information based on a result of the detecting the speech.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a user inputter receiving a user input; a content receiver receiving content data from a content source; a display configured to display an image included in the content data; a sound output configured to output sound included in the content data; and a processor configured to decode the content data into sound data, set a sound parameter according to a result of reinforcement learning about the sound parameter based on the user input, convert the sound data into a sound signal according to the set sound parameter, and control the sound output to output the sound corresponding to the sound signal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electronic apparatus including: a user input unit; an audio output unit; and a processor configured to identify whether a changing pattern of audio volume levels is present based on a history of the audio volume levels set by a user for a predetermined period of time, perform automatic volume-level control, by which an audio volume level of the audio output unit is controlled based on the changing pattern of the audio volume levels, based on presence of the corresponding pattern, and perform no automatic volume-level control, based on absence of the changing pattern of the audio volume levels.

Abstract: A speech enhancement method is provided. The speech enhancement method includes: estimating a direction of a speaker by using an input signal, generating direction information indicating the estimated direction, detecting speech of a speaker based on a result of the estimating the direction, and enhancing the speech of the speaker by using the direction information based on a result of the detecting the speech.

Abstract: A speech enhancement method is provided. The speech enhancement method includes: estimating a direction of a speaker by using an input signal, generating direction information indicating the estimated direction, detecting speech of a speaker based on a result of the estimating the direction, and enhancing the speech of the speaker by using the direction information based on a result of the detecting the speech.

Abstract: A method of processing an audio signal is provided. The method includes acquiring location information and performance information of a speaker configured to output an audio signal, selecting a frequency band based on the location information, determining a section to be strengthened from the selected frequency band with respect to the audio signal based on the performance information, and applying a gain value to the determined section.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating an acoustic event detecting apparatus including: receiving an acoustic input; extracting frequency characteristics of the acoustic input; determining whether a first acoustic event has occurred by analyzing the extracted frequency characteristics; and in response to determining that the first acoustic event has occurred, acquiring data about at least one of a sound, an image, and a video from an environment outside of the acoustic event detecting apparatus and transmitting the data to a first device.

Abstract: A speech enhancement method is provided. The speech enhancement method includes: estimating a direction of a speaker by using an input signal, generating direction information indicating the estimated direction, detecting speech of a speaker based on a result of the estimating the direction, and enhancing the speech of the speaker by using the direction information based on a result of the detecting the speech.

Abstract: An electronic device providing a smart sound mode is provided. The electronic device includes: a user command receiver; an inputter; an outputter; and a processor configured to: in response to a predetermined event occurring, provide a user interface (UI) for guiding setting of a smart sound mode; in response to the smart sound mode being selected according to a user command input through the user command receiver, individually render a first sound signal which is a common component among a plurality of channels forming the sound signal and a second sound signal which is a differential component among the plurality of channels based on whether the first sound signal comprises a voice and whether the second sound signal comprise a sound effect, mix the first and second sound signals which are rendered into a multi-channel sound signal and control the outputter to output the multi-channel sound signal.

Abstract: A speech enhancement method is provided. The speech enhancement method includes: estimating a direction of a speaker by using an input signal, generating direction information indicating the estimated direction, detecting speech of a speaker based on a result of the estimating the direction, and enhancing the speech of the speaker by using the direction information based on a result of the detecting the speech.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, a stereophonic sound reproduction apparatus includes: an input unit for receiving an acoustic signal; a control unit for acquiring an output acoustic signal for generating a virtual sound source for the received acoustic signal; and an output unit for outputting the acquired output acoustic signal by using a front speaker and a side speaker, wherein the control unit generates an attenuation signal that is a signal for attenuating or cancelling an inflow acoustic signal to be directly transferred to an audience in the output acoustic signal output from the side speaker, and the generated output acoustic signal includes the attenuation signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a speaker, a storage configured to store first rendering type information and second rendering type information based on a volume level of each content genre; a display, and a processor configured to render a sound signal of a content based on at least one of the first rendering type information and the second rendering type information corresponding to a genre of the content on the display and output the rendered sound signal through the speaker, wherein the processor, based on a volume level which is currently set in the display apparatus being within a predetermined range, renders the sound signal based on third rendering type information which is obtained by applying a weight according to the set volume level to at least one of the first rendering type information and the second rendering type information.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a speaker, a storage configured to store first rendering type information and second rendering type information based on a volume level of each content genre; a display, and a processor configured to render a sound signal of a content based on at least one of the first rendering type information and the second rendering type information corresponding to a genre of the content on the display and output the rendered sound signal through the speaker, wherein the processor, based on a volume level which is currently set in the display apparatus being within a predetermined range, renders the sound signal based on third rendering type information which is obtained by applying a weight according to the set volume level to at least one of the first rendering type information and the second rendering type information.

Abstract: A method of processing an audio signal is provided. The method includes acquiring location information and performance information of a speaker configured to output an audio signal, selecting a frequency band based on the location information, determining a section to be strengthened from the selected frequency band with respect to the audio signal based on the performance information, and applying a gain value to the determined section.

Abstract: Provided is a method of processing an audio signal, the method performed by a device and including dividing the audio signal into a main signal and a background signal; obtaining position information about a main speaker and an auxiliary speaker; mixing the main signal and the background signal, based on the position information; and outputting the mixed main signal and the mixed background signal to the main speaker and the auxiliary speaker, respectively.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, a stereophonic sound reproduction apparatus includes: an input unit for receiving an acoustic signal; a control unit for acquiring an output acoustic signal for generating a virtual sound source for the received acoustic signal; and an output unit for outputting the acquired output acoustic signal by using a front speaker and a side speaker, wherein the control unit generates an attenuation signal that is a signal for attenuating or cancelling an inflow acoustic signal to be directly transferred to an audience in the output acoustic signal output from the side speaker, and the generated output acoustic signal includes the attenuation signal.