Abstract: The present disclosure, in a method of decoding a video signal, provides a method including checking whether a transform skip is applied to a current block; acquiring a transform index indicating transform types applied to a horizontal direction and a vertical direction of the current block from among a plurality of predefined transform types from the video signal when the transform skip is not applied to the current block; and performing an inverse primary transform on the current block using the transform types indicated by the transform index, wherein the transform types applied to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the current block are determined from among transform types defined according to an intra prediction mode of the current block based on the transform index.

Abstract: According to the disclosure of the present disclosure: an LFNST set index for a current block may be derived on the basis of an intra prediction mode on the basis of the intra prediction mode for the current block being a WAIP mode, the LFNST set index may be derived as predetermined one value; and on the basis of the intra prediction mode for the current block being an NAIP mode, the LFNST set index may be derived as one of predetermined N values. Accordingly, it is possible to maximize the coding performance that can be brought about by LFNST within the implementation complexity allowed by a next standard.

Abstract: A video decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: receiving a bit stream including residual information of a current block; deriving a specific number of the number of context encoding bins for context syntax elements for a current sub-block of the current block; decoding the context syntax elements for the current sub-block included in the residual information on the basis of the specific number; deriving transform coefficients for the current sub-block on the basis of the decoded context syntax elements; deriving residual samples for the current block on the basis of the transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual samples.

Abstract: A method by which a video decoding device decodes a video, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: parsing, from a bitstream, level information indicating the level with which output layer sets comply; acquiring, from the bitstream, constraint information about constraints with which the output layer sets comply; and performing a decoding procedure on the current picture on the basis of the level information and the constraint information, wherein the level information and the constraint information are included in a profile_tier_level syntax structure of the bitstream, and the constraint information in the profile_tier_level syntax structure can be next to the level information.

Abstract: A substrate bonding method includes: forming first plasma on a bonding surface of a first substrate at atmospheric pressure by using a mixed gas including an inert gas and water vapor, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the first substrate; forming second plasma on a bonding surface of a second substrate at atmospheric pressure by using the mixed gas, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the second substrate; bonding the bonding surface of the first substrate and the bonding surface of the second substrate to each other; and moving each of the first substrate and the second substrate at a constant speed in a region above a linear reactor in which the first plasma and the second plasma are formed.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by means of a decoding device according to the present invention comprises the steps of: deriving quantized transform coefficients with respect to a target block from a bitstream; performing inverse quantization with respect to the quantized transform coefficients with respect to the target block and deriving transform coefficients; deriving residual samples with respect to the target block on the basis of reduced inverse transform with respect to the transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual samples with respect to the target block and prediction samples with respect to the target block. The reduced inverse transform is performed on the basis of a reduced inverse transform matrix. The reduced inverse transform matrix is a non-square matrix of which the number of columns is smaller than the number of rows.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra-prediction method and to an encoder and decoder using same. The intra-prediction method according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of deriving a prediction mode of a current block; and generating a prediction block with respect to the current block on the basis of the prediction mode of the current block. When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra-angular prediction mode, values of boundary samples from among left boundary samples and upper boundary samples of the prediction block, which are not positioned in a prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, are derived on the basis of reference samples positioned in the prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, and on the basis of adjacent reference samples.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present disclosure includes deriving transform coefficients through dequantization based on the quantized transform coefficients for the target block; deriving modified transform coefficients based on an inverse reduced secondary transform (RST) for the transform coefficients; deriving residual samples for the target block based on an inverse primary transform for the modified transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed samples based on the residual samples, and prediction samples derived based on an intra prediction mode for the target block, wherein the inverse RST is performed based on a transform kernel matrix selected from a transform set including a plurality of transform kernel matrices, the transform set is determined based on a mapping relationship according to the intra prediction mode applied to the target block, and a plurality of intra prediction modes including the intra prediction mode of the target block are mapped to one transform set.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present document, an intra-prediction mode candidate list of a current block can be constructed by means of a process of constructing a common intra-prediction mode list with respect to intra-prediction types. Therefore, the dependency of the intra-prediction types in the process of constructing the intra-prediction mode list is reduced, and thus the coding efficiency of an intra-prediction can be enhanced.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document can comprise the steps of: acquiring, from a bitstream, intra prediction mode information and an LFNST index; deriving, as a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, an intra prediction mode of a chroma block on the basis of the intra prediction mode information; changing the intra prediction mode of the chroma block from the CCLM mode to an intra prediction mode of a luma block corresponding to the chroma block; determining an LFNST set, including LFNST matrices, on the basis of the intra prediction mode of the luma block; selecting one of the LFNST matrices on the basis of the LFNST set and the LFNST index; and deriving transform coefficients for the chroma block on the basis of the selected LFNST matrix.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document comprises a step for performing inverse first-order transform and inverse non-separable transform on a residual sample. The inverse non-separable transform is performed on the basis of a transform index indicating a predetermined transform kernel matrix, the inverse first-order transform is performed on the basis of a multiple transform selection (MTS) index indicating MTS for a horizontal transform kernel and a vertical transform kernel, and a syntax element bin string for the transform index is derived on the basis of first context information when a tree type for a split structure of a target block is not a single tree type and is derived on the basis of second context information when the tree type is the single tree type.

Abstract: According to the disclosure of the present document, an image decoding method performed by a decoding device comprises the steps of: acquiring, through a bitstream, image information including prediction mode information and residual information; deriving a prediction mode of a current block on the basis of the prediction mode information; deriving prediction samples on the basis of the prediction mode; deriving residual samples on the basis of the residual information; generating reconstruction samples on the basis of the prediction samples and the residual samples; deriving filter coefficients for an adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure for the reconstruction samples; and generating modified reconstruction samples on the basis of the reconstruction samples and the filter coefficients, wherein the image information includes a first adaptation parameter set (APS) including an ALF data field, and the ALF data field includes ALF parameters used to derive the filter coefficients.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of reconstructing a video signal based on a reduced secondary transform, which includes: obtaining a secondary transform index from the video signal; deriving a secondary transform corresponding to the secondary transform index, wherein the secondary transform represents a reduced secondary transform, and the reduced secondary transform represents a transform outputting L (L<N) transform coefficient data (L×1 transform coefficient vectors) based on inputted N residual data (N×1 residual vectors); obtaining a transform coefficient block by performing an entropy decoding and a dequantization for a current block (N×N); performing an inverse secondary transform for the transform coefficient block using the reduced secondary transform; performing an inverse primary transform for a block which the inverse secondary transform is applied to; and reconstructing the current block using a block which the inverse primary transform is applied to.

Abstract: A video decoding method according to the present document is characterized by comprising: a step for deriving transform coefficients through inverse quantization on the basis of quantized transform coefficients for a target block; a step for deriving modified transform coefficients on the basis of an inverse reduced secondary transform (RST) of the transform coefficients; and a step for generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of residual samples for the target block on the basis of an inverse primary transform of the modified transform coefficients, wherein the inverse RST using a transform kernel matrix is performed on transform coefficients of the upper-left 4×4 region of an 8×8 region of the target block, and the modified transform coefficients of the upper-left 4×4 region, upper-right 4×4 region, and lower-left 4×4 region of the 8×8 region are derived through the inverse RST.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for reconstructing a video signal, which includes: obtaining a transform coefficient block by performing an entropy decoding and a dequantization for a current block; deriving a secondary transform corresponding to a specific area in the transform coefficient block, wherein the specific area represents an area including a top-left block of the transform coefficient block; performing an inverse secondary transform for each of subblocks within the specific area using the secondary transform; performing an inverse primary transform for a block which the inverse secondary transform is applied to; and reconstructing the current block using a block which the primary inverse transform is applied to.

Abstract: An image decoding method, according to the present document, may comprise the steps of: deriving transform coefficients for a current block on the basis of residual information; determining whether a significant coefficient is present in a second region excluding a first region in the top-left end of the current block; parsing a LFNST index from a bitstream if the significant coefficient is not present in the second region; deriving modified transform coefficients by applying a LFNST matrix, derived on the basis of the LFNST index, to transform coefficients of the first region; and deriving residual samples of the current block on the basis of an inverse primary transform of the modified transform coefficients.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document comprises the steps of: deriving flag information indicating whether valid coefficients are present in a second area excluding a first area of the upper left corner of the current block; parsing an MTS index from a bitstream on the basis of the flag information indicating the absence of valid coefficients in the second area; and deriving residual samples for the current block by applying a conversion kernel derived on the basis of the MTS index to conversion coefficients of the first area, wherein the flag information may be derived by determining, for each scan sub-block in which the valid coefficients are scanned, whether the valid coefficients are present in the second area.

Abstract: Disclosed are an intra-prediction mode-based image processing method and a device therefor. Particularly, a method for processing an image on the basis of an intra-prediction mode may comprise the steps of: configuring a reference sample to be used for prediction of a current block on the basis of width information and height information of the current block when the current block is a non-square block; deriving an intra-prediction mode of the current block; and generating a prediction sample of the current block by using the reference sample on the basis of the intra-prediction mode of the current block.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for encoding/decoding a video signal and an apparatus for the method. More specifically, a method for decoding a video signal comprises generating a residual block of a current block by performing entropy decoding on the video signal; if size of the current block is smaller than a predetermined first size, parsing a transform skip flag which indicates whether a transform skip is applied to the current block; determining whether to parse a primary transform flag which indicates whether a primary transform is applied to the current block; if it is determined to parse the primary transform flag, parsing the primary transform flag; and if the primary transform flag indicates that a primary transform is applied to the current block, generating a primary inverse transformed transform block of the current block by performing a primary inverse transform to the residual block.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document may be characterized by including the steps of: determining whether to parse an MTS index for applying MTS to the current block; and applying the MTS to the current block on the basis of the MTS index to derive residual samples for the current block, wherein whether to parse the MTS index is determined on the basis of a flag value indicating whether a transform coefficient for a luma component of the current block is present, and the MTS index is not parsed when the flag value is 0.