Abstract: The present invention relates to a quantum federated learning system that performs federated learning on the basis of at least one observation value input from a single-hop offloading environment, and the system includes: a global server for initializing parameters of a quantum slimmable neural network (QSNN) model and transmitting the initialized quantum slimmable neural network model to at least one local device; and the at least one local device for inputting the at least one observation value into the initialized quantum slimmable neural network model to train the quantum slimmable neural network model, and transmitting the parameters of the trained quantum slimmable neural network model to the global server side. Through the system, the environmental epidemiology problems of the federated learning performed in conventional computing, such as communication channel conditions and energy limitations over time can be solved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of driving a power switch device includes applying a first voltage to a gate electrode of the power switch device, and applying a drive voltage to the gate electrode of the power switch device after applying the first voltage to the gate electrode of the power switch device. The first voltage is higher than the drive voltage of the power switch device in a turn-on state.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a balancing apparatus includes: bi-directional switches that are respectively connected to cells that are connected in series, a controller configured to measure voltages of the cells, and a multiwinding transformed connected to the bi-directional switches. The bi-directional switches are configured to control a flow of an electric current bi-directionally. The controller is configured to select a number of the cells for balancing based on the measured voltages of the cells. The controller is configured to turn on and turn off the bi-directional switches that are connected to selected cells based on the measured voltages. The multi-winding transformer is configured to transfer energy between the cells when the bi-directional switches connected to the selected cells are turned on.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing balancing on cells connected in series and included in a module may comprise a first switching unit including first cell selection switches respectively connected to the cells, and configured to connect a first cell to be balanced to a balancing unit; a second switching unit including second cell selection switches respectively connected to the cells, and configured to connect a second cell to be balanced to the balancing unit; a controller configured to measure voltages of each cell, and controlling operations of the first switching unit, the second switching unit, and the balancing unit based on information on the first and second cells, wherein the first and second cells are selected by the controller using the measured voltages; and/or the balancing unit, connected to the first and second switching units, and configured to perform balancing between the first and second cells selected by the controller.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a battery system includes: a plurality of modules, each including a plurality of cells connected to each other in series and a cell balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the plurality of the cells based on voltages of the plurality of the cells; and a module balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the modules based on voltages of the modules.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of driving a power switch device includes applying a first voltage to a gate electrode of the power switch device, and applying a drive voltage to the gate electrode of the power switch device after applying the first voltage to the gate electrode of the power switch device. The first voltage is higher than the drive voltage of the power switch device in a turn-on state.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing balancing on cells connected in series and included in a module may comprise a first switching unit including first cell selection switches respectively connected to the cells, and configured to connect a first cell to be balanced to a balancing unit; a second switching unit including second cell selection switches respectively connected to the cells, and configured to connect a second cell to be balanced to the balancing unit; a controller configured to measure voltages of each cell, and controlling operations of the first switching unit, the second switching unit, and the balancing unit based on information on the first and second cells, wherein the first and second cells are selected by the controller using the measured voltages; and/or the balancing unit, connected to the first and second switching units, and configured to perform balancing between the first and second cells selected by the controller.

Abstract: A circuit may comprise a direct current (DC)/DC boost converter connected to a battery that includes a plurality of cells; a DC link connected between the DC/DC boost converter and an inverter; and/or a charging circuit connected between the battery and the DC link. The charging circuit may be connected to the DC/DC boost converter in parallel. A method of charging a battery using a regenerative energy of a motor may include storing the regenerative energy of the motor by using a converter with a multi-winding transformer, selecting a cell to be charged from among a plurality of cells included in the battery, and transferring the stored regenerative energy to the selected cell by using the converter.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a battery system includes: a plurality of modules, each including a plurality of cells connected to each other in series and a cell balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the plurality of the cells based on voltages of the plurality of the cells; and a module balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the modules based on voltages of the modules.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a balancing apparatus includes: bi-directional switches that are respectively connected to cells that are connected in series, a controller configured to measure voltages of the cells, and a multiwinding transformed connected to the bi-directional switches. The bi-directional switches are configured to control a flow of an electric current bi-directionally. The controller is configured to select a number of the cells for balancing based on the measured voltages of the cells. The controller is configured to turn on and turn off the bi-directional switches that are connected to selected cells based on the measured voltages. The multi-winding transformer is configured to transfer energy between the cells when the bi-directional switches connected to the selected cells are turned on.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a DC-DC boost converter circuit, which is capable of preventing power loss and stabilizing switching elements by implementing soft switching and improving efficiency by adding a charge pumping function, and a method for driving the same. The DC-DC boost converter circuit, in which an inductor and an output diode are connected in series and an output capacitor and a load are connected to an output port of the output diode in parallel, includes an output stabilization circuit in which first and second switching elements, a transformer, a plurality of boost capacitors, and a plurality of diodes are connected in series/parallel between the inductor and the output diode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a DC-DC boost converter circuit, which is capable of preventing power loss and stabilizing switching elements by implementing soft switching and improving efficiency by adding a charge pumping function, and a method for driving the same. The DC-DC boost converter circuit, in which an inductor and an output diode are connected in series and an output capacitor and a load are connected to an output port of the output diode in parallel, includes an output stabilization circuit in which first and second switching elements, a transformer, a plurality of boost capacitors, and a plurality of diodes are connected in series/parallel between the inductor and the output diode.