Abstract: A monitor for pulsed high energy radiation therapy using a radiation beam passing through a treatment zone, the radiation of 0.2 MEV or greater; has a camera for imaging Cherenkov light from the treatment zone; apparatus for preventing interference by room lighting, the camera synchronized to pulses of the radiation beam; and an image processor adapted to determine extent of the beam area on the patient skin from the images. Additionally an image processor determines cumulative skin dose in the treatment zone from the images. In embodiments, the processor uses a three-dimensional model of a subject to determine mapping of image intensity in images of Cherenkov light to radiation intensity in skin, applies the mapping to images of Cherenkov light to verify skin dose delivered, and accumulates skin dose by summing the maps of skin dose.

Abstract: A monitor for pulsed high energy radiation therapy using a radiation beam passing through a treatment zone, the radiation of 0.2 MEV or greater; has a camera for imaging Cherenkov light from the treatment zone; apparatus for preventing interference by room lighting, the camera synchronized to pulses of the radiation beam; and an image processor adapted to determine extent of the beam area on the patient skin from the images. Additionally an image processor determines cumulative skin dose in the treatment zone from the images. In embodiments, the processor uses a three-dimensional model of a subject to determine mapping of image intensity in images of Cherenkov light to radiation intensity in skin, applies the mapping to images of Cherenkov light to verify skin dose delivered, and accumulates skin dose by summing the maps of skin dose.

Abstract: A hydropneumatic suspension unit for a vehicle that includes an outer sleeve which defines a first chamber, and a damping piston which is arranged for sliding displacement in the first chamber. The first chamber contains gas mainly for providing spring action and liquid mainly for providing damping action. The gas is in direct contact with the liquid.

Abstract: A hydropneumatic suspension unit for a vehicle that includes an outer sleeve which defines a first chamber, and a damping piston which is arranged for sliding displacement in the first chamber. The first chamber contains gas mainly for providing spring action and liquid mainly for providing damping action. The gas is in direct contact with the liquid.

Abstract: A gas spring for a pressing tool. A cylindrical chamber is divided by a piston into a first space and a second space. The piston is attached to a piston rod, which is axially moveable in the cylindrical chamber. The gas spring is designed with an opposing force to counteract a movement that is produced by forces acting axially on the piston rod in that the first space and the second space are pressurized with a gas. Passages connect the first space and the second space and permit a flow of gas between the first space and the second space. The passages occupy an area that is greater than 5% of the area of the piston in order to reduce the amount of heat generated in the gas spring. The area of the piston is the difference between the cross-sectional areas of the cylindrical chamber and the piston rod.

Abstract: A gas spring for a pressing tool. A cylindrical chamber is divided by a piston into a first space and a second space. The piston is attached to a piston rod, which is axially moveable in the cylindrical chamber. The gas spring is designed with an opposing force to counteract a movement that is produced by forces acting axially on the piston rod in that the first space and the second space are pressurized with a gas. Passages connect the first space and the second space and permit a flow of gas between the first space and the second space. The passages occupy an area that is greater than 5% of the area of the piston in order to reduce the amount of heat generated in the gas spring. The area of the piston is the difference between the cross-sectional areas of the cylindrical chamber and the piston rod.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in a press tool for reducing the relative speed at which a moveable sheet metal holder impacts against a press upper part for transmitting a working force or is separated therefrom on completion of pressing. The invention is characterised in that the force for acceleration of the sheet metal holder is transmitted from the press upper part by way of a mechanical transmission device fitted to the sheet metal holder in such a way that an initial movement is imparted to the holder before the press upper part comes to bear against the sheet metal fabrication and sheet metal holder, and that only then does the press uper part impact against sheet metal fabrication and sheet metal holder and for depression of gas-filled springs arranged adjacent to and supporting the sheet metal holder.