Abstract: An X-ray examination apparatus is provided with an exposure control for controlling the X-ray source and for adjusting the signal amplification of the television camera which converts the image on the exit window of the X-ray image intensifier into a video signal. The signal amplification of the television camera is adjustable so as to enable the reproduction of a wide dynamic range of images on the exit window with adequate image contrast and image brightness. In order to avoid annoying transitions in image brightness due to the variation of exposure control signals, the exposure control is configured to supply a control signal which varies smoothly in response to changes in image brightness and image contrast, for example during fluoroscopy where a series of images is formed by X-ray exposure. In a preferred embodiment the exposure control supplies a control signal which varies linearly between minimum and maximum levels as a function of mean brightness.

Abstract: A lens-like X-ray filter is filled with a liquid, the filter having flexible walls, the filter being between an X-ray source and an X-ray detector in an X-ray examination apparatus. The filter obviates brightness variations in an X-ray image caused by vignetting. The filter thickness is adjustable by the supply and the discharge of a liquid, the filter preserving a quadratic thickness variation from the center to the edges.

Abstract: A sensor (CTD) which is formed with pick-up elements (D) for converting incident radiation (L) into electric charge packets which can be shifted to a sensor signal output (TO) through sensor elements under the control of clock pulse signals (CS1) may be beset with unwanted signal smear caused by the shifting process. To eliminate this, the relevant pick-up device includes a signal smear reduction circuit (SRC) which is specifically operative for a smear component produced during instantaneous shifting after a radiation information integration period.