Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining when the depth of molten (18) poured into a vessel (12) has reached a selected level. A conduit (22) connected to a source of pressurized gas and having an orifice (43) at its distal end (38) restricts the flow of gas out of the conduit which is positioned at a selected level in the vessel. A drop in pressure in the conduit (22) resulting from escape of compressed gas when the distal end (38) is melted by the rising molten metal is detected and signalled to a visible, audible indicator or directly to an electronic controller to discontinue pouring of metal (18) into the vessel (12).

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water. In accordance with the invention a supply of cooling gas at a pressure less than about 10 PSI is provided to the interior of the lance pole. The hot junction end of the thermocouple is immersed in molten metal while a stream of the cooling gas is caused to flow through the interior of the thermocouple connector, radially outward from the passages and subsequently vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water.

Abstract: A cupola charge material in briquette form composed of 15% to 35% by weight of coke breeze, 0% to 25% of iron oxide, 8% to 20% of cement as a binder, and the balance ferrous metal scrap. The ingredients are mixed with water, poured into a mold of the desired shape and dried to set the cement. The resulting briquette has a density greater than 100 pounds per cubic foot.