Abstract: A process for functionalizing a carbon surface and the product thereof is disclosed. The first reactant used contains one or more electron withdrawing groups that thereafter can be reacted with other compounds. The reaction product has enhanced dispersability, interaction with other media, or other utilitarian uses, e.g. a reactive surface. The reaction product is then incorporated into an elastomeric or thermoplastic composition; it can be dispersed in a liquid media such as an ink, coating, or lubricant; or it can be used as a solid in applications such as a filtering media.

Abstract: An additive gel for fuels that reduces the soot content in lubricating oil and/or emission in an engine. Further a process employing an additive gel for fuel in a fuel system to decrease the amount of soot in the lubricating oil of an engine and/or decrease the emissions from an engine.

Abstract: An additive composition comprises (A) an additive comprising a nitrogen-containing detergent, a fatty acid based friction modifier, or a mixture thereof and (B) a solid organic matrix material where the additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 to about 200° C. A method to enhance performance of a functional fluid, especially a fuel composition or power transmission fluid of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, comprises adding a performance-enhancing amount of the additive composition to the functional fluid.

Abstract: A fluid additive delivery system includes a container for a fluid additive gel. The container has one or more openings to allow contact of the fluid with the gel to cause one or more additive components in the gel to be released into the fluid.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that additive gels can provide additives to a functional fluid over time. In accordance with the present invention it has been discovered that an additive gel comprising i.) at least two additives selected from the group comprising detergents, dispersants, acids, bases, over based detergent, succinated polyolefins or mixtures thereof wherein the selected additives when combined form a gel; ii.

Abstract: A lubricant additive gel formed by the gellation of two or more lubricant additives for the slow release of the additive components into a fluid. The lubricant additive gel slowly releases into its component lubricant additives when contacted with the fluid such as an oil thereby serving as a lubricant fluid such as an oil thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsified water fuel blend containing aqueous organic ammonium salts. The emulsified water fuel blend lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from engines.