Abstract: A method capable of suppressing damages to furnace wall refractories in a melting furnace and making the working life of them longer and a technique capable of obtaining a molten iron with homogenized composition while keeping a high productivity upon arc heating a pre-reducing iron in a melting furnace to obtain a molten iron, the method comprising supplying a pre-reducing iron to a stationary non-tilting type melting furnace and melting the iron by an arc heating mainly composed of radiation heating, the melting being performed while keeping a refractory wearing index RF represented by the following equation at 400 MWV/m2 or less. RF=P×E/L2 (wherein RF represents the refractory wearing index (MWV/m2); P represents an arc power for one phase (MW); E represents an arc voltage (V); and L represents the shortest distance between the electrode side surface of a tip within an arc heating furnace and a furnace wall inner surface (m).

Abstract: A method capable of suppressing damages to furnace wall refractories in a melting furnace and making the working life of them longer and a technique capable of obtaining a molten iron with homogenized composition while keeping a high productivity upon arc heating a pre-reducing iron in a melting furnace to obtain a molten iron, the method comprising supplying a pre-reducing iron to a stationary non-tilting type melting furnace and melting the iron by an arc heating mainly composed of radiation heating, the melting being performed while keeping a refractory wearing index RF represented by the following equation at 400 MWV/m2 or less.

Abstract: In combination with a shirt, one or more pouches which receives a cooling and/or warming pack. The cooling pack comprises sealed compartments containing water or other material which changes state thereby absorbing heat to cool the wearer when the cooling pack is exposed to a predetermined temperature for wearing of the shirt. The warming pack sealingly contains a material which is heatable to store heat and to release the stored heat when the warming pack is exposed to a predetermined temperature for wearing of the shirt. The cooling pack may also be provided as part of a wrist band.