Abstract: A system for dynamic number insertion may include at least one application operable on at least one client device and at least one public facing API operable on at least one server, the at least one API configured receiving a request for a phone number swap comprising attribution information from the at least one client device, providing a phone number based on the attribution information to the at least one client device, receiving notification of a phone call made to the phone number, and attributing the phone call based on the attribution information. The at least one application can be interfaced to the at least one public facing API.

Abstract: A method for digesting cellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit comprises providing a reactor, a gas feed line, a system for feeding biomass into the reactor, a fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, pump, and injector; providing a digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digestion unit; circulating the digestion medium through the circulation system; supplying an upward flow of hydrogen through the biomass solids; and maintaining the biomass solids and catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component; wherein the fluid inlet includes a stinger unit having an upper surface, an inner volume in communication with the catalyst circulation system, and an opening in the upper surface for allowing fluid to enter the inner volume; and allowing digestion medium to flow into the catalyst circulation system via the catalyst stinger.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids containing up to about 50% water by mass in a digestion medium comprising about 50% or more of an organic solvent by volume; heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids and liberating lignin therefrom; wherein the digestion medium and the water form a biphasic mixture in which the alcoholic component, slurry catalyst, and lignin are contained; removing at least a portion of the biphasic mixture from the digestion unit; converting at least a portion of the lignin into a phenolic solvent; and returning the phenolic solvent to the digestion unit.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; combining at least the phenolics liquid phase and the aqueous phase with one another, thereby forming a combined phase; and separating at least a portion of the alcoholic component from at least a portion of the combined phase.

Abstract: Digestion units for processing cellulosic biomass can comprise a chamber having a height that is greater than its width, the chamber having an opening suitable for solids introduction located within the upper 20% of its height; one or more first fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the lower 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits extending into the chamber and being elevated above the bottom of the chamber; one or more second fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the upper 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits being fluidly coupled to at least one of the second fluid conduits; a porous medium located in the chamber within the lower 20% of its height; and a movable pressure isolation device covering the opening; wherein the digestion unit is operable to maintain a pressure of at least about 30 bar.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids containing up to about 50% water by mass in a digestion medium comprising about 50% or more of an organic solvent by volume; heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids and liberating lignin therefrom; wherein the digestion medium and the water form a biphasic mixture in which the alcoholic component, slurry catalyst, and lignin are contained; removing at least a portion of the biphasic mixture from the digestion unit; converting at least a portion of the lignin into a phenolic solvent; and returning the phenolic solvent to the digestion unit.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; combining at least the phenolics liquid phase and the aqueous phase with one another, thereby forming a combined phase; and separating at least a portion of the alcoholic component from at least a portion of the combined phase.

Abstract: Digestion units for processing cellulosic biomass can comprise a chamber having a height that is greater than its width, the chamber having an opening suitable for solids introduction located within the upper 20% of its height; one or more first fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the lower 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits extending into the chamber and being elevated above the bottom of the chamber; one or more second fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the upper 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits being fluidly coupled to at least one of the second fluid conduits; a porous medium located in the chamber within the lower 20% of its height; and a movable pressure isolation device covering the opening; wherein the digestion unit is operable to maintain a pressure of at least about 30 bar.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is described that automatically allocates the position of participants in a group call at various positions in sound-space. The position of each user is such that the user can distinguish between each participant of the call by the position of their voice. This allows the user to visualise the location of each user, without having to manually determine the position of each user.

Abstract: A juncture and method for changing direction of fuel flow in a high pressure fuel injection system such as a common rail and/or a fuel pump, the juncture comprising a body, a first passage formed in the body having a first diameter and a longitudinal axis extending therethrough, the first passage including a groove positioned along a portion of the longitudinal axis, and a second passage formed in the body having a second diameter, a central axis extending therethrough, and an opening, the opening of the second passage being provided in the groove of the first passage to allow fluidic communication between the second passage and the first passage so that stresses at the juncture caused by high pressure fuel changing direction of flow is reduced. The juncture is made from a bottom poured ingot cast alloy steel.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is described that automatically allocates the position of participants in a group call at various positions in sound-space. The position of each user is such that the user can distinguish between each participant of the call by the position of their voice. This allows the user to visualise the location of each user, without having to manually determine the position of each user.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the self-adhesiveness of polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets, which can be carried out in a continuous or batch manner comprising the steps of: a) introducing polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 0.4 dl/g into a conduit containing a liquid which is moving through the conduit, thereby causing the pellets to move through the conduit with the liquid; b) adjusting the temperature of the pellets and the liquid to a temperature of about 50 to about 95° C. for a time sufficient to induce a degree of crystallinity of at least about 35% in the pellets; and c) separating the pellets from the liquid.

Abstract: A juncture and method for changing direction of fuel flow in a high pressure fuel injection system such as a common rail and/or a fuel pump, the juncture comprising a body, a first passage formed in the body having a first diameter and a longitudinal axis extending therethrough, the first passage including a groove positioned along a portion of the longitudinal axis, and a second passage formed in the body having a second diameter, a central axis extending therethrough, and an opening, the opening of the second passage being provided in the groove of the first passage to allow fluidic communication between the second passage and the first passage so that stresses at the juncture caused by high pressure fuel changing direction of flow is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the self-adhesiveness of polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets, which can be carried out in a continuous or batch manner comprising the steps of:

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the self-adhesiveness of polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets, which can be carried out in a continuous or batch manner comprising the steps of: a) introducing polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 0.4 dl/g into a conduit containing a liquid which is moving through the conduit, thereby causing the pellets to move through the conduit with the liquid; b) adjusting the temperature of the pellets and the liquid to a temperature of about 50 to about 95° C. for a time sufficient to induce a degree of crystallinity of at least about 35% in the pellets; and c) separating the pellets from the liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the self-adhesiveness of polytrimethylene terephthalate pellets, which can be carried out in a continuous or batch manner comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A method of removing dispersed oil from an oil in water emulsion is accomplished by the steps of dissolving gas in water to form an aerated solution, introducing the emulsion and aerated solution into a treatment vessel in which is positioned a coalescing media formed by an assembly of closely spaced corrugated plates of oleophilic material, the emulsion and aerated solution passing in contact with the plates to cause oil droplets to coalescence on the plates and small gas bubbles carried with the aerated solution to adhere to the oil droplets to increase the buoyancy of the oil droplets so that the oil droplets more readily rise to the surface of the emulsion, accumulated oil being removed from the surface.

Abstract: Conduit segments are mounted above a horizontal plate which supports an upper bed of media. The segments have perforations formed on their underside. A screen is draped over each segment and extends down the sides of a cradle mounted on the plate to support the segment. The screen laterally supports the media and functions to isolate the media from a fluid volume beneath the perforations in the underside of the conduit.