Abstract: A bio-resource resin for use as a replacement for a portion of asphalt in asphalt compositions includes a bio-oil derived from animal waste and including hydrocarbons; and a compatibilizing agent. The bio-oil is derived from animal waste by subjecting the animal waste to a conversion process selected from a hydrothermal conversion process and a thermochemical conversion process. This bio-resource resin can be employed as a substitute for a portion of asphalt in common asphalt compositions, and the compatibilizing agent improves the chemical compatibility between the bio-oil and the asphalt.

Abstract: There is disclosed embodiments of a composition comprising asphalt and an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the composition has at least one of increased viscosity, increased adhesion to a surface, decreased curing time, and improved maintenance of gel structure as compared to a control composition lacking said additive.

Abstract: Animal waste is processed to form a biomaterial that is employed as a coating layer for typical fertilizer particles. The biomaterial coating layer can be used neat or with additives and serves to do one or more or any combination of the following: (a) impart a slow or controlled release property to the fertilizer, (b) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to cake together, or (c) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to create dust. The biomaterial coating layer can also release nutrients when used as part of a fertilizer composition.

Abstract: A bio-resource resin for use as a replacement for a portion of asphalt in asphalt compositions includes a bio-oil derived from animal waste and including hydrocarbons; and a compatibilizing agent. The bio-oil is derived from animal waste by subjecting the animal waste to a conversion process selected from a hydrothermal conversion process and a thermochemical conversion process. This bio-resource resin can be employed as a substitute for a portion of asphalt in common asphalt compositions, and the compatibilizing agent improves the chemical compatibility between the bio-oil and the asphalt.

Abstract: Animal waste is processed to form a biomaterial that is employed as a coating layer for typical fertilizer particles. The biomaterial coating layer can be used neat or with additives and serves to do one or more or any combination of the following: (a) impart a slow or controlled release property to the fertilizer, (b) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to cake together, or (c) prevent or reduce the tendency of the fertilizer particles to create dust. The biomaterial coating layer can also release nutrients when used as part of a fertilizer composition.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers are treated with a surfactant package to improve their use in the formation of viscosity enhancing gel structures in asphalt compositions. In a particular embodiment, the cellulose fibers are obtained from recycling magazines, newspapers and similar such materials, and are used in asphalt compositions that incorporate the use of other viscosity modifiers, such as mineral aggregates and fillers like attapulgite clay. The use of surfactant-treated cellulose fibers improves the formation, strength and durability of the gel structure and reduces the number of manufacturing steps normally required in the process for producing the asphalt compositions. Use of these fibers can eliminate or reduce the need to maintain and handle stocks of potentially harmful and corrosive liquid surfactants.

Abstract: A controlled release sulfur coated fertilizer with improved abrasion resistance is produced by applying a precursor coating that forms a cohesive film which adheres to the fertilizer substrate particles and to the sulfur that is subsequently applied in molten form. The improved fertilizer also optionally comprises a sealant coating applied after the molten sulfur. This invention is to the composition of the fertilizer and the method of production.

Abstract: Insolubilizing agents are disclosed for pigment binders and surface sizes containing functional groups capable of reacting with carboxylic acid anhydride moieties to form chemical bonds. The insolubilizing agents are polymers or other compounds containing a plurality of carboxylic acid anhydride moieties per molecular entity. The anhydride moieties do not substantially hydrolyze or otherwise react until the paper coating is applied to the paper and dried and cured, at which time the anhydride moieties react with the functional groups of the pigment binder or surface size and render it water insoluble. A method to improve the water resistance and printability of coated paper using the insolubilizing agents of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: The viscosity and gel strength of organic adhesive coating compositions containing an organic adhesive material, usually asphalt, and clay minerals and cationic surfactants is further enhanced by the addition of small quantities of acidic compounds which have pK.sub.A values less than about 5. The acidic compounds preferably are water soluble and contain phosphorus.

Abstract: This invention is to surfactant compositions which are organic salts of a polyamine and a carboxylic acid. The polyamine has the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is (i) alkyl or alkenyl containing from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms or (i) R'--O--CH2CH2CH2-- wherein R' is alkyl containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms;A is a divalent hydrocarbyl group containing about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms;and n is an integer from about 1 to about 3.The carboxylic acid has the structure:R"--COOHwherein R" is alkyl or alkenyl containing about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.The surfactants may contain polar activators.This invention is also to compositions containing asphalt, a clay mineral, and the above described surfactant.