Abstract: A method of formulating a fuel emulsion composition for use in a specified compression ignition engine in which the fuel composition includes a hydrocarbon petroleum distillate, purified water; alcohol; and an additive composition comprising various ingredients. The types and amounts of the fuel and alcohol are selected so that the sum of its net heating value (lower heating value * percent of total composition) and the net heating value of the additive composition yields a net heating value of the aqueous fuel composition that is within the operating parameters for fuel heating values for the engine.

Abstract: A fuel recirculation system is provided that includes a fuel tank, a fuel delivery circuit for transporting fuel between the fuel tank and an internal combustion engine, a fuel recirculation circuit coupled with the fuel delivery circuit upstream of the engine and adapted for recirculating the fuel back to the fuel tank periodically. The present fuel recirculation system also includes a fuel pump, the capacity of which is sufficient to supply the required fuel to the engine via the fuel delivery circuit and recirculate the remaining volume of fuel by way of the fuel recirculation circuit periodically (e.g. once every 24 hours).

Abstract: A method and system for the control of the fuel injection timing in an internal combustion engine using a low cetane quality fuel such as an aqueous fuel emulsion is provided. The disclosed system includes a compression ignition engine adapted to receive a prescribed supply of an aqueous fuel emulsion. The prescribed supply of fuel is preferably determined by an fuel system control unit as a function of one or more engine operating parameters. The disclosed system also includes an exhaust sensor located proximate the engine exhaust so as to detect the presence and level of selected exhaust products, such as carbon monoxide, in the engine exhaust. The level of carbon monoxide or other such exhaust product, as measured by the sensor, is input to the engine control unit where it is processed together with various other engine operating parameters to produce a prescribed fuel injection timing signal which operatively controls the fuel injection timing.

Abstract: A system and method for the identification of the fuel being transported within a fuel delivery system of an internal combustion engine that may utilize an advanced fuel such as a fuel in water emulsion is provided. The identification of the fuel is accomplished using a fuel identification sensor that distinguishes the fuel type based on differences in optical properties, electrical properties, physical properties, or other characteristics between an aqueous fuel emulsion and a conventional fuel. The disclosed fuel identification device is readily incorporated in an anti-tampering device for preventing the use of a conventional fuel, such as diesel fuel, in an engine designed and certified for aqueous fuel emulsions.

Abstract: A method and system for the control of the overall water content of an aqueous fuel in an internal combustion engine is provided. The disclosed fuel control system includes a post add water system and a control valve that is responsive to selected engine operating characteristics such as engine operating temperature, engine load, and carbon monoxide levels in the engine exhaust. The post add water system is adapted for selectively providing an additional supply of purified water via the control valve to the aqueous fuel in the fuel line. The fuel system controller is operatively associated with the control valve to regulate the quantity of water added and thereby control the overall content of water in the aqueous fuel emulsion delivered to the fuel injectors.