Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention include a thruster system comprising a thruster and a pulsing power supply. The thruster may include a gas inlet port; a plasma jet outlet; and a first electrode. In some embodiments, the pulsing power supply may provide an electrical potential to the first electrode with a pulse repetition frequency greater than 10 kHz, a voltage greater than 5 kilovolts. In some embodiments, the pressure downstream from the thruster can be less than 10 Torr. In some embodiments, when a plasma is produced within the thruster by energizing a gas flowing into the thruster through the gas inlet port, the plasma is expelled from the thruster through the plasma jet outlet.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention include a pre-pulse switching system. The pre-pulsing switching system may include: a power source configured to provide a voltage greater than 100 V; a pre-pulse switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a pre-pulse having a pulse width of Tpp; and a main switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a main pulse such that an output pulse comprises a single pulse with negligible ringing. The pre-pulse may be provided to a load by closing the pre-pulse switch while the main switch is open. The main pulse may be provided to the load by closing the main switch after a delay Tdelay after the pre-pulse switch has been opened.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an indicating marker and method of use for removably attaching the indicating marker to a structure comprising an opening. The indicating marker comprises a cover device configured to removably seal the opening of the structure. At least one light is attached to the cover device. A power source is electrically connectable to the at least one light to emit a visible light from the at least light and illuminate the cover device. Alternatively, a wireless signal emitter is attached to the cover device and is configured to receive a signal from a wireless signal receiver separate from the structure and transmit a wireless response signal to the wireless signal receiver. In one example, both a light and a wireless signal emitter are attached to the cover device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an indicating marker and method of use for removably attaching the indicating marker to a structure comprising an opening. The indicating marker comprises a cover device configured to removably seal the opening of the structure. At least one light is attached to the cover device. A power source is electrically connectable to the at least one light to emit a visible light from the at least light and illuminate the cover device. Alternatively, a wireless signal emitter is attached to the cover device and is configured to receive a signal from a wireless signal receiver separate from the structure and transmit a wireless response signal to the wireless signal receiver. In one example, both a light and a wireless signal emitter are attached to the cover device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an indicating marker and method of use for removably attaching the indicating marker to a structure comprising an opening. The indicating marker comprises a cover device configured to removably seal the opening of the structure. At least one light is attached to the cover device. A power source is electrically connectable to the at least one light to emit a visible light from the at least light and illuminate the cover device. Alternatively, a wireless signal emitter is attached to the cover device and is configured to receive a signal from a wireless signal receiver separate from the structure and transmit a wireless response signal to the wireless signal receiver. In one example, both a light and a wireless signal emitter are attached to the cover device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an indicating marker and method of use for removably attaching the indicating marker to a structure comprising an opening. The indicating marker comprises a cover device configured to removably seal the opening of the structure. At least one light is attached to the cover device. A power source is electrically connectable to the at least one light to emit a visible light from the at least light and illuminate the cover device. Alternatively, a wireless signal emitter is attached to the cover device and is configured to receive a signal from a wireless signal receiver separate from the structure and transmit a wireless response signal to the wireless signal receiver. In one example, both a light and a wireless signal emitter are attached to the cover device.

Abstract: A substance analyzer utilizing Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis for identifying characteristics of a substance and method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The analyzer is small enough to be portable and to allow its use in many applications where current analyzers cannot be utilized. The analyzer uses a neutron radiation source and a gamma-ray detector to activate the sample material and detect the prompt gamma rays emitted by the sample material. A novel housing for such an analyzer and method for making the housing are also described. Novel methods of operating such an analyzer including via a communications network are also disclosed. Also disclosed are data analysis methods that improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the results of such material analysis.

Abstract: A substance analyzer utilizing Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis for identifying characteristics of a substance and method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The analyzer is small enough to be portable and to allow its use in many applications where current analyzers cannot be utilized. The analyzer uses a neutron radiation source and a gamma-ray detector to activate the sample material and detect the prompt gamma rays emitted by the sample material. A novel housing for such an analyzer and method for making the housing are also described. Novel methods of operating such an analyzer including via a communications network are also disclosed. Also disclosed are data analysis methods that improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the results of such material analysis.

Abstract: A vessel, as for a cyclone separator, includes a continuous electrical conductor embedded in the wall of the vessel for sensing when the lining has eroded.

Abstract: A substance analyzer utilizing Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis for identifying characteristics of a substance and method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The analyzer is small enough to be portable and to allow its use in many applications where current analyzers cannot be utilized. The analyzer uses a neutron radiation source and a gamma-ray detector to activate the sample material and detect the prompt gamma rays emitted by the sample material. A novel housing for such an analyzer and method for making the housing are also described. Novel methods of operating such an analyzer including via a communications network are also disclosed. Also disclosed are data analysis methods that improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the results of such material analysis.

Abstract: A trailer mounts a first unit having an aggregate classifier and a pair of cyclones for pivotal movement between a generally horizontal storage position on the trailer and a generally vertical upright operational position on the trailer. A second unit having a second classifier and a second pair of cyclones is pivotally mounted on the trailer for movement between a generally horizontal storage position and a generally upright vertical operational position. In the storage positions, the units leave an open area in the middle of the trailer for storing and transporting ducts for use when operational. The duct work includes a riffle splitter "Y" duct for releasable securement to the aggregate inlets of the first and second classifiers in their upright position to provide a common aggregate inlet thereto. The ducts include a rectilinear duct for interconnecting the dust outlets of the cyclones when in their vertical operational position for channeling the dust to a baghouse.

Abstract: A carrier-free pulverulent metalworking lubricant composition. In one preferred form, the composition contains at least two lubricant components one of which comprises a resin having a highly polar functional group the composition being formed by a method comprising the steps of: (a) forming a dry mixture of said particulate lubricant components, and (b) agglomerating said admixture to form agglomerated particles. The application of the composition as a metal working lubricant significantly reduces smoke and oily waste generation in hot forging operations by eliminating the use of oils or volatile organic compounds as carriers, while providing acceptable performance, cleanability, and sprayability.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorinated lime solid having an available chlorine ontent in the range of about 30 to about 50 weight percent by contacting a chlorine source, e.g., liquid chlorine, with a basic calcium-containing substance, e.g., hydrated lime, in the presence of water or aqueous calcium chlorine at a pH to produce an aqueous slurry having available chlorine content in the range of about 13 to 17 weight percent and a pH in the range of about 10.6 to 10.9 and containing an aqueous solution and a chlorinated lime precipitate combined with separating said slurry into an aqueous solution and a chlorinated lime precipitate having less than about 40 to 50 percent water combined with drying said chlorinated lime precipitate to produce chlorinated lime solid having the desired available chlorine content is disclosed.

Abstract: A calibration block is used for calibrating a bulk material analyzer that has an activation region in which bulk material is received for analysis and a chute for passing the bulk material through the activation region. The block is dimensioned to be of almost the same cross-sectional size as the interior of the chute and extends both above and below the activation region when inserted in the chute. The calibration block is manufactured by (a) providing a mixture of known materials of known proportions that do not chemically react with each other, including a bonding agent; (b) homogenizing the mixture to make a thick paste in which the known materials are bound without segregation of known materials that have different densities; (c) molding the homogeneous mixture into the shape of a block having predetermined dimensions; and (d) solidifying the molded mixture to provide the calibration block.

Abstract: A cable connector is provided which is particularly suitable for connecting tensioned armored cable sections used in wireline measurement while drilling operations or well logging operations. The cable connector comprises a pair of field latchable housings each attached to the braided outer covering of a cable, so that cable tension is transferred to the housings. The electrical connection between the inner flexible conductor wires of the armored cables is sealed from the environment within the housing by an elastomeric boot, with the boot being loosely positioned within the housing chamber by the flexible conductor wires. The housing need not isolate the electrical connection from the drilling fluids within the drill string, and the simplicity of the cable connector enhances both reliability and drill site assembly and repair.

Abstract: A complete PGNAA bulk material analyzer is self contained in a sealed and air conditioned housing. Bulk material is channeled by an open-ended vertical chute having a one-foot-by-three-foot cross-sectional dimension through an activation region between three neutron sources and two gamma ray detectors. The sources are symmetrically disposed on one of the three-foot long sides of the chute from one end of such side to the other. The detectors are symmetrically disposed on the opposite side of the chute between positions opposing the positions of the sources on the one side of the chute. The chute is dimensioned to enable free flow of various bulk materials. It handles coal of up to a top size of four inches and with typical surface moisture contents and agglomeration characteristics. The relative disposition of the sources and detectors results in the measurements being independent of the lateral distribution of the bulk material within the chute.

Abstract: A fission chamber detector system for monitoring neutron flux density in a nuclear reactor includes a preamplifier and signal conditioning unit for amplifying and conditioning neutron signal pulses produced by fission chamber detectors located adjacent the reactor core. The preamplifier and signal conditioning unit are located outside of the containment vessel for the reactor. The amplifier and signal conditioning unit amplify and condition the neutron signal pulses to provide signals that can be transmitted by twisted shielded pairs to a remotely located signal processing unit. The preamplifiers include an input stage that enables the preamplifiers to be controlled remotely to either pass or inhibit neutron signal pulses to an amplifier stage from the fission chambers, and to pass test signals to the amplifier stage.

Abstract: A fission chamber detector system for monitoring neutron flux density in a nuclear reactor utilizes a unique coaxial cable carried through a flexible metal hose to provide sufficient signal quality to allow a preamplifier and signal conditioning unit for amplifying and conditioning neutron signal pulses produced by the fission chambers to be far enough away from the fission chambers as to be located outside of the containment vessel for the reactor. Reactor power and rate-of-reactor-power-change signals produced for overlapping power ranges from a countrate circuit and a mean square voltage circuit are aligned by a voltage controlled switch and a slave switch without causing spurious transients in the rate-of-change signals. Power signal indications are provided over 12 decades.

Abstract: A flat, quoit-like game piece to be tossed at a target pin and having a plurality of target receiving recesses, each recess formed with a pair of spaced and confronting pin engaging hooks and an angular deflector point formed on the quoit between each pair of hooks to provide many scoring possibilities depending on the skill of a player.

Abstract: A gardening implement comprising a hollow rod having a straight portion, a curved handle portion, and a tapered lower end with a discharge opening at the lower end, a pair of flanges extending beyond the lower end of the rod and connection means on the upper end of the rod for connecting it to a standard garden hose.