Abstract: A non-linear optical material comprising a plurality of non-centrosymmetric nanoparticles juxtaposed to non-linear optical (NLO) film at a localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanoparticles. The LSPR is resonant at a wavelength of an incident light source, wherein a second-order non-linear susceptibility (?(2)) of the NLO film with respect to the incident light is enhanced by the juxtaposition to the LSPR of the nanoparticles. The non-linear optical material lacks global inversion symmetry.

Abstract: The provision of an ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) film on a fiber-optic element including a long period grating (LPG) by a simple, room temperature process provides tuning of the LPG and/or high sensitivity to the refractive index of the ambient environment of the fiber-optic element. Inclusion of a final layer or a probe, receptor or affinity ligand in the multi-layer film provides a highly sensitive sensor for specific chemical and biological materials. Use of a turn around point (TAP) LPG allows detection to be performed by detection of light intensity rather than wavelength of attenuation. Use of a material having an electro-optical response to an electrical field by change of dimension or refractive index allows the combination of a LPG or TAP LPG and ISAM film to function as a light modulator.

Abstract: Thin films exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as materials and methods for producing such films, are provided. The films are formed by depositing, on a substrate, alternate layers of a polyelectrolyte and a low molecular weight chromophore. The chromophore contains an electrophilic group that reacts with a previously deposited polyelectrolyte, and ionizable groups which present absorption sites for the next polyelectrolyte layer. The films find application in, for example, electro-optic modulators and frequency doubling devices.