Abstract: A disposable sterilization bio-test pack for determining the efficacy of sterilizing equipment comprises a porous base pad having a cavity for receiving the sterilization indicator. Porous pads are disposed on opposite sides of the base pad to retain the sterilization indicator within the cavity. The porous medium creates a restriction to the steam's access to the sterilization indicator in order to establish the efficacy of the sterilization equipment.

Abstract: The detection and indication of volleyball out of bounds occurrences is realized by means of a light beam type system that distinguishes between the volleyball and other beam disrupting agents. Two juxtaposed light beams, one over the other, and separated by a distance equal to 1.5 volleyball diameters are projected along and 0.5 volleyball diameters outside of the sideline and endline bounds of the volleyball court. The beams are separately monitored by detectors that respond to beam interruptions. The lower beam is spaced from the playing surface by about three inches. Visual out of bounds indicators are actuated by a control circuit that responds exclusively to lower beam interruptions.

Abstract: Volleyball net touch violations are detected and an indicator identifying the offending team is actuated by a system that incorporates antennas into the volleyball net and utilizes radiant energy generated by court illuminating lights. A wire mesh antenna is affixed to each side of the net. The outputs of the antennas are amplified and compared with a reference. A player touching either net adds capacitance to the system producing a measurable signal. A NAND gate logic circuit determines which net was touched and actuates the appropriate indicator. The system does not respond to the volleyball which is a dielectric material does not add capacitance to the system.

Abstract: New ball point pen ink compositions are utilized to enhance the performance and very substantially extend the service life of ball pen ink cartridges by preventing the formation of an ink flow-blocking mass at the entrance to the brass or bronze nib or a mass which prevents the movement of the follower plug in a copper alloy cartridge. This is accomplished by dispersing in the ink proper one or more additives effective to prevent oxygen and moisture, which enter the cartridge and pass into the ink, from reacting with the metal constituents of the cartridge assembly to form metallic ions which react with ingredients of the ink proper in the formation of a flow-blocking mass.

Abstract: New ball point pen ink compositions are utilized to enhance the performance and very substantially extend the service life of ball pen ink cartridges by preventing the formation of an ink flow-blocking mass at the entrance to the brass or bronze nib or a mass which prevents the movement of the follower plug in a copper alloy cartridge. This is accomplished by dispersing in the ink an antioxidant compound and/or a corrosion inhibitor compound effective to prevent oxygen and moisture, which enter the cartridge and pass into the ink, from reacting with the ball point ink and the metal constituents of the cartridge assembly to form metallic ions which react with ingredients of the ink proper to form a flow-blocking crystal mass.