Abstract: A system for determining properties of fuel supplied to an internal combustion (IC) engine and for adjusting operations of the IC engine based on the determined properties. The system includes an air-flow throttle configured to control the air supplied to the IC engine; a fuel-flow throttle configured to control the fuel supplied to the IC engine; and an engine control module (ECM) configured to receive readings from and control operation of the throttles. The ECM is configured to perform a fuel-air determination program where the ECM determines a percent-error air-to-fuel ratio (AF) based on a true AF ratio compared to an ideal AF ratio. The ECM is configured to perform a fuel property determination and adjustment program in which the ECM is configured to adjust operations of the IC engine based on a fuel property value determined using the percent-error AF ratio.

Abstract: A battery housing has a plurality of housing sidewalls defining an enclosure, where a first housing sidewall of the plurality of housing sidewalls defines a plurality of openings cumulatively defining a valve opening. The housing defines a valve coupling structure around the valve opening.

Abstract: A high reliability, high voltage electronically controllable switch is created from a combination of relays of different types, with different characteristics, such as an electromechanical relay and an optoelectronic relay. The relays are closed and/or opened in accordance with a sequence that avoids actuating an electromechanical relay of such a compound switch to close or open under conditions that degrade the operating life of the electromechanical relay, even if the compound switch is hot switched under high voltage conditions. The switching sequence ends with the relays in a state that provides low on resistance, low crosstalk, low capacitance and/or low leakage. The switch can be relatively compact, enabling construction of an instrument serving as a switch matrix for an automatic test system.

Abstract: A high reliability, high voltage electronically controllable switch is created from a combination of relays of different types, with different characteristics, such as an electromechanical relay and an optoelectronic relay. The relays are closed and/or opened in accordance with a sequence that avoids actuating an electromechanical relay of such a compound switch to close or open under conditions that degrade the operating life of the electromechanical relay, even if the compound switch is hot switched under high voltage conditions. The switching sequence ends with the relays in a state that provides low on resistance, low crosstalk, low capacitance and/or low leakage. The switch can be relatively compact, enabling construction of an instrument serving as a switch matrix for an automatic test system.

Abstract: A pair of superposed stitched together sections of fabric sheet material is longitudinally divided at one end portion to form a plurality of pockets respectively overlying the toe, instep and vamp portions of a boot or shoe. The fabric sections are removably secured to the boot. A flameless heater is disposed within each pocket.