Abstract: A biochemical oxidation system and process is disclosed for the removal of insoluble sulfides from metal ores. A liquid mixture of an ore slurry and of a liquid biochemical oxidation medium is flowed through a plurality of covered overflow tanks connected in series. The liquid mixture is continuously aerated in an aeration chamber formed in the tanks with a mixture of a purified oxygen gas and a purified carbon dioxide gas as introduced into the aeration chamber. A substantially sulfide-free liquid mixture is discharged from a last tank into a clarifier in which at least a portion of the biochemical oxidation medium is separated from the liquid mixture for recirculation into the tanks.

Abstract: The invention relates to macrocyclic lactam derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherin R is hydrogen or acyl; m is an integer from 4 to 9 inclusive; n is 1 or 2; p is zero, 1 or 2; X is --CONH-- or --NHCO--; Y is S, O or CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 is --COOH; or R.sub.1 is ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, acyloxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, mercapto-lower alkyl, lower alkyl-(thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl)-lower alkyl, or carboxy-lower alkyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and q is zero or an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive; or R.sub.1 is ##STR3## in which R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy or acyloxy, and r is 1 or 2; or R.sub.1 is ##STR4## in which s is 1 or 2; or R.sub.1 is ##STR5## in which R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to macrocyclic lactam derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or acyl; m is an integer from 4 to 9 inclusive; n is 1 or 2; p is zero, 1 or 2; X is --CONH-- or --NHCO--; Y is S, O or CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.1 is --COOH; or R.sub.1 is ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, acyloxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, mercapto-lower alkyl, lower alkyl-(thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl)-lower alkyl, or carboxy-lower alkyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and q is zero or an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive; or R.sub.1 is ##STR3## in which R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy or acyloxy, and r is 1 or 2; or R.sub.1 is ##STR4## in which s is 1 or 2; or R.sub.1 is ##STR5## in which R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R independently represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryloxy, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl-lower alkyloxy, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl-lower alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl-lower alkyloxy, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyloxy; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or carbocyclic aryl; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; Y represents oxygen (O), sulfur (S), sulfinyl or sulfonyl; n represents 1, 2 or 3; A represents a direct bond or lower alkylene; Z represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or acyl; R.sub.4 represents lower alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl-lower alkyl, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl-lower alkyl; or Z represents ##STR3## wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur, R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or acyl, A represents an optionally N-alkylated .alpha.-amino acid residue which is bonded N-terminally to R.sub.1 and C-terminally to the group --NR.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-lower alkyl, R.sub.4 represents hydroxy or etherified or esterified hydroxy, R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted hydroxy or optionally substituted mercapto and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents acyl substituted by a thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl group, A represents an optionally N-alkylated .alpha.-amino acid residue that is bonded N-terminally to R.sub.1 and C-terminally to the group --NR.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-lower alkyl, R.sub.4 represents hydroxy or etherified or esterified hydroxy, R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted hydroxy, optionally substituted mercapto, sulphinyl or sulphonyl, and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents acyl substituted by a thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl group, A represents an optionally N-alkylated .alpha.-amino acid residue that is bonded N-terminally to R.sub.1 and C-terminally to the group --NR.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-lower alkyl, R.sub.4 represents hydroxy or etherified or esterified hydroxy, R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted hydroxy, optionally substituted mercapto, sulyhinyl or sulphonyl, and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents acyl substituted by a thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl group, A represents an optionally N-alkylated .alpha.-amino acid residue that is bonded N-terminally to R.sub.1 and C-terminally to the group --NR.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-lower alkyl, R.sub.4 represents hydroxy or etherified or esterified hydroxy, R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted hydroxy, optionally substituted mercapto, sulphinyl or sulphonyl, and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or acyl, A represents an optionally N-alkylated .alpha.-amino acid residue which is bonded N-terminally to R.sub.1 and C-terminally to the group --NR.sub.2 --, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-lower alkyl, R.sub.4 represents hydroxy or etherified or esterified hydroxy, R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms, optionally etherified or esterified hydroxy-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl-lower alkyl, tricycloalkyl, tricycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted hydroxy or optionally substituted mercapto and R.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.6 independently represent hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 - alkoxy, amino, or substituted amino, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, R.sub.3 represents cyclo-C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen, nitro, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, or cyclo-C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl fused with benzene, or wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are connected and together with the adjacent --CH-group and the adjacent N-atom form a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, five- or six-membered heterocyclic group or form a saturated or partially saturated, bicyclic heterocyclic group containing five or six atoms per ring, R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, and R.sub.5 represents an acyl group, are useful as antihypertensive and cardioactive agents.

Abstract: 1-Mercaptoalkanoylindoline-2-carboxylic acids, e.g., those of the formula ##STR1## and functional derivatives thereof, are antihypertensive and cardioactive agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are variously substituted 3-(carboxymethylamino)-(1,5-benzothiazepin-4-one, 1,5-benzoxazepin-4-one and 1,5-benzodiazepin-4-one)-5-alkanoic acids and derivatives as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and antihypertensive agents. Their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of threatment utilizing such compounds are included.

Abstract: 1-(Carboxy-azaalkanoyl or azaaralkanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acids, e.g., those of the formula ##STR1## and functional derivatives thereof, are antihypertensive and cardioactive agents.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a liquid and a gas in a tank includes a means for circulating the liquid in the tank and a sparge ring for dispersing gas into the tank. The circulating means includes a plurality of blades extending downwardly from a bottom surface of a disc so that rotation of the blades creates a suction area. The sparge ring introduces gas into the tank in a direction that bypasses the suction area to prevent the gas from flowing into the suction area. Preferably, the sparge ring has a discharge means with a radius that is larger than the distance from the center of the disc to the outer tips of the blades.