Abstract: Processes for blending at least one finished gasoline from a refined petroleum product comprising at least one neat gasoline with ethanol and optionally butane utilizing a blend model that calculates a volumetric blend ratio comprising at least one neat gasoline, ethanol and optionally, butane. The blend model utilizes estimated values for the octane number and the volatility of the ethanol and butane when calculating the volumetric blend ratio.

Abstract: Systems operable to blend at least one finished gasoline from a refined petroleum product comprising at least one neat gasoline with ethanol and optionally butane utilizing a blend model that calculates a volumetric blend ratio comprising at least one neat gasoline, ethanol and optionally, butane. The blend model incorporates estimated values for the octane number and the volatility of the ethanol and butane when calculating the volumetric blend ratio.

Abstract: A yard waste bag holding apparatus includes a rectangular-shaped frame, two foldable arm assemblies, and a ring with a flange for abutting the top of the arm assemblies. A bag may be attached to the ring, holding the bag open and upright and preventing it from collapsing, folding in on itself, or blowing or tipping over. The user may insert a greater volume of yard waste into the bag at one time, thus increasing efficiency. An insert for engaging a hose of a vacuum to the ring may be added. Further, a wheel attachment may be coupled to the frame to place the apparatus at a given angle. Placing the apparatus at an angle prevents the apparatus from tipping during use with a vacuum and reduces the stress at the joining of the hose and the apparatus.