Abstract: A method for producing a low iron silica sand product suitable for glass production has an SiO2 content of at least 99.8% by weight, an Fe2O3 content of less than 0.008% by weight, an Al2O3 content of less than 0.1% by weight, and a CaO content of less than 0.05% by weight includes preparing a slurry of crude ore, wherein the crude ore has a sand content of about 75% to 80% by weight, a kaolin/mica content of about 15% to 25% by weight, a dark, heavy mineral content of about 1% by weight, and an Fe2O3 content of about 0.5% to 1.0% by weight. Particles having a size of less than about one hundred forty mesh are removed, and contaminant material is removed. The sand is then separated from the slurry, dried, and passed through a rare earth magnetic separator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for the in vitro differentiation of a precursor cell into definitive endoderm, which may further be differentiated into a human colonic organoid (HCO), via modulation of signaling pathways. Further disclosed are HCOs and methods of using HCOs, which may be used, for example, for the HCOs may be used to determine the efficacy and/or toxicity of a potential therapeutic agent for a disease selected from colitis, colon cancer, polyposis syndromes, and/or irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making a vascularized hollow organ derived from human intestinal organoid (HIOs). The HIOs may be obtained from human embryonic stem cells (ESC's) and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), such that the HIO forms mature intestinal tissue. Also disclosed are methods for making a human intestinal tissue containing a functional enteric nervous system (ENS).

Abstract: Disclosed are in vitro methods for the differentiation of precursor cells into a neural crest cell (NCC) primed to a neurogenic lineage. The methods may include, for example, the steps of activating a Hedgehog signaling pathway (“HH signaling pathway”) in a precursor cell, wherein the precursor cell may be contacted with a neural crest cell induction medium for differentiation of the precursor cell into a neural crest cell. Compositions for carrying out the disclosed methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates to compositions derived from precursor cells, and methods of using such compositions, for the manufacture of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or derivative immune cells. More particularly, methods for obtaining hematopoietic stem cells from organoid tissue or cultures comprising organoids are disclosed, wherein the organoid tissue or cultures comprise liver or colonic tissue derived from precursor cells (such as embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells), via directed differentiation.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates to methods for converting mammalian definitive endoderm (DE) cells into specific tissue(s) or organ(s) through directed differentiation. In particular, the disclosure relates to formation of esophageal tissue and/or organoids formed from differentiated definitive endoderm.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for the in vitro differentiation of a precursor cell into definitive endoderm, which may further be differentiated into a human colonic organoid (HCO), via modulation of signaling pathways. Further disclosed are HCOs and methods of using HCOs, which may be used, for example, for the HCOs may be used to determine the efficacy and/or toxicity of a potential therapeutic agent for a disease selected from colitis, colon cancer, polyposis syndromes, and/or irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a colored lamellar composition that may provide a wide range of colors. The process includes the steps of dispersing a colorant in a hydrocarbon, grinding the dispersed colorant to a particle size of less than about 1 micron (?m), and spraying the colorant onto a lamellar substrate to provide the colored lamellar composition while mixing and heating the lamellar composition to remove the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making a vascularized hollow organ derived from human intestinal organoid (HIOs). The HIOs may be obtained from human embryonic stem cells (ESC's) and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), such that the HIO forms mature intestinal tissue. Also disclosed are methods for making a human intestinal tissue containing a functional enteric nervous system (ENS).

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a colored lamellar composition that may provide a wide range of colors.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal al development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer having an array of parallel and/or tandem ion traps. The ion traps are preferably formed by providing a body of conductive material with a plurality of holes forming ring electrodes and electrodes on opposite faces of said body, opposite the ends of said ring electrodes, to define with the ring electrodes a plurality of parallel ion traps.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer having an array of parallel and/or tandem ion traps. The ion traps are preferably formed by providing a body of conductive material with a plurality of holes forming ring electrodes and electrodes on opposite faces of said body, opposite the ends of said ring electrodes, to define with the ring electrodes a plurality of parallel ion traps.

Abstract: A kit for cleaning the contacts on video game consoles and cartridges comprises a cleaning solution, a cleaning clip, a cleaning card and a pair of cleaning wands. The cleaning solution is applied to the contacts of the console or the cartridge using one end of the cleaning card to remove dirt and other low voltage build up. The contacts are then dried with the opposite end of the cleaning card. For areas of the contacts that are difficult to reach with the cleaning card, two cleaning wands are provided. One wand is used for cleaning and the other for drying. Each wand is an angled oblong member with a porous fabric attached on the operational end. Additionally, the cleaning clip is sized for attachment to the game cartridge and cleans the contacts in the console. After the clip is attached, solution is placed on the clip and the cartridge is repeatedly removed and inserted from the console to brush the clip across the contacts and apply the cleaning solution.

Abstract: A kit for cleaning the contacts on video game consoles and cartridges comprises a cleaning solution, a cleaning clip, a cleaning card and a pair of cleaning wands. The cleaning solution is applied to the contacts of the console or the cartridge using one end of the cleaning card to remove dirt and other low voltage build up. The contacts are then dried with the opposite end of the cleaning card. For areas of the contacts that are difficult to reach with the cleaning card, two cleaning wands are provided. One wand is used for cleaning and the other for drying. Each wand is an angled oblong member with a porous fabric attached on the operational end. Additionally, the cleaning clip is sized for attachment to the game cartridge and cleans the contacts in the console. After the clip is attached, solution is placed on the clip and the cartridge is repeatedly removed and inserted from the console to brush the clip across the contacts and apply the cleaning solution.