Abstract: Systems and methods are described that enable sensing of magnetic fields within skin tissue. Specifically, a system includes one or more microneedles that include a high magnetic permeability material. The system also includes a magnetic sensor communicatively coupled to the microneedle and configured to detect a magnetic field proximate to the microneedle. The system also includes a controller configured to receive information indicative of a magnetic field proximate to a portion of the microneedle. The controller is further configured to determine a presence of at least one magnetic nanoparticle proximate to the portion of the microneedle based on the received information. Alternatively, other embodiments include a microneedle that includes a nanodiamond material configured to detect a local magnetic field. Such embodiments also include a light source configured to cause the nanodiamond material to emit characteristic emission light that may indicate at least a magnitude of the magnetic field.

Abstract: Body-mountable devices are provided to detect the presence or status of an analyte in subsurface vasculature of a body by detecting fluorescent reporters that are bound to instances of the analyte in the subsurface vasculature. Such devices further operate to exert an attractive magnetic force on magnetic nanoparticle-containing probes that are configured to bind to the analyte, thus concentrating the analyte proximate the devices by magnetically exerting attractive forces on such probes that are bound to instances of the analyte. The analyte can be an extracellular vesicle that is characteristic of a cancer, and a body-mountable device as described herein could be used to detect such extracellular vesicles in a portion of subsurface vasculature such that a presence or status of a tumor could be determined based on an amount, presence, or other detected property of the extracellular vesicle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that enable sensing of magnetic fields within skin tissue. Specifically, a system includes one or more microneedles that include a high magnetic permeability material. The system also includes a magnetic sensor communicatively coupled to the microneedle and configured to detect a magnetic field proximate to the microneedle. The system also includes a controller configured to receive information indicative of a magnetic field proximate to a portion of the microneedle. The controller is further configured to determine a presence of at least one magnetic nanoparticle proximate to the portion of the microneedle based on the received information. Alternatively, other embodiments include a microneedle that includes a nanodiamond material configured to detect a local magnetic field. Such embodiments also include a light source configured to cause the nanodiamond material to emit characteristic emission light that may indicate at least a magnitude of the magnetic field.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to a nanophotonic optical system. The nanophotonic optical system may be configured to transmit light in a range of wavelengths. The nanophotonic optical system includes at least one nanophotonic element, which includes a two-dimensional arrangement of sub-wavelength regions of a first material interspersed within a second material, the first and second materials having different indices of refraction. The at least one nanophotonic element includes a surface having a curvature and an optical phase transfer function dependent on the curvature of the surface. The nanophotonic optical system includes an actuator configured to modify the curvature of the surface and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a threshold optical phase transfer function and cause the actuator to modify the curvature of the surface to provide the threshold optical phase transfer function.

Abstract: Body-mountable devices are provided to detect the presence or status of an analyte in subsurface vasculature of a body by detecting fluorescent reporters that are bound to instances of the analyte in the subsurface vasculature. Such devices further operate to exert an attractive magnetic force on magnetic nanoparticle-containing probes that are configured to bind to the analyte, thus concentrating the analyte proximate the devices by magnetically exerting attractive forces on such probes that are bound to instances of the analyte. The analyte can be an extracellular vesicle that is characteristic of a cancer, and a body-mountable device as described herein could be used to detect such extracellular vesicles in a portion of subsurface vasculature such that a presence or status of a tumor could be determined based on an amount, presence, or other detected property of the extracellular vesicle.

Abstract: Wearable devices configured to detect the presence, concentration, number, or other properties of nanoparticles disposed in subsurface vasculature of a person are provided. The wearable devices are configured to magnetize the nanoparticles at an upstream location of subsurface vasculature and to detect, using a magnetometer, magnetic fields produced by the magnetized nanoparticles at a downstream location of subsurface vasculature. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles are configured to bind to an analyte of interest and detected properties of the magnetized nanoparticles can be used to determine the presence, concentration, or other properties of the analyte.