Abstract: A gauge for measuring the size of a nip between a pair of rolls is characterized by a cylindrical carrier within which a platform is mounted for pivotal movement about the carrier axis. A transducer is carried on the platform, and a quasi U-shaped rod or probe is pivotally connected at one end with the platform, extends along a medial portion thereof outwardly of the carrier and presses against the transducer at an opposite end. The probe is pivotally urged in a direction outwardly of the carrier, and in use of the gauge the medial portion of the probe is moved into the nip between the rolls and against the rolls and the carrier into contact with the rolls, whereby the transducer provides a readout in accordance with the radii of the rolls at the point of contact by the probe.

Abstract: An immersion-type refractometric device for measuring the concentration of solutions including a probe having a curved measuring surface on the immersible tip. A light source directs a diverging light beam internally through the probe body toward the measuring surface. In one embodiment, light reflected from the measuring surface is received by a light-reflecting surface on the probe tip and directed through the probe body toward a photosensitive element connected to a measuring circuit which provides an output signal indicative of solution concentration. In another embodiment, the photosensitive element is located in the probe tip and receives reflected light directly from the measuring surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for chemically treating a waste water including a storage tank, a reaction tank, and a pump for transferring the waste water from the storage tank to the reaction tank. Conduits connecting the pump to the tank and control valves controlling the flow through the conduits are arranged so that, by coordinated actuation of the valves, the pump recirculates the waste water through the reaction tank to provide intermixing of the treatment chemicals and discharges the waste water from the reaction tank after treatment. The chemical reagents are introduced into the system on the suction of the pump so that gravity feed or separate pumping means is not required for the reagents. The tanks are preferably circular and mounted in a spaced relationship on a common base forming the bottoms thereof.