Abstract: A roof system includes a roof deck including a rake edge, an underlayment, a plurality of asphalt shingles, and a one-piece metal apparatus. The one-piece metal apparatus includes a stem, an upper arm, and a lower arm that form an F-shape. The upper arm and lower arm of the one-piece metal apparatus are above the underlayment, and the stem is situated outside and adjacent to the rake edge of the roof deck. The stem, the upper arm, and the lower arm form a three-sided space to accept a thickness of the overlapping rows of the plurality of asphalt shingles. The end of the overlapping rows of the plurality of asphalt shingles are situated within the space formed by the stem, the upper arm, and the lower arm of the one-piece metal apparatus.

Abstract: A device and method of operating a diaphragm pump having at least three chambers is used in a vapor compression refrigeration system. Each chamber contains a fluid having a different set of pressure and temperature characteristics. Adjacent chambers are separated by movable barriers, such as flexible diaphragms or pistons, that are sequentially moved by pressure changes resulting from heating and cooling the fluids. The fluids are chosen so that driving fluids operate in a substantially narrower temperature range than a working fluid but have the same operating pressure range permitting use of a thermal energy source having a selected temperature to power the pump. Optimal selection of both driving fluids and the working fluid permits use of a low grade heat source for thermal energy.

Abstract: An energy conducting cable loop enclosure which receives and retains an above-ground loop of a flexible conductor cable in an underground energy distribution system, particularly in a system for the supplying of electrical energy. The main body structure, which is upright in normal placement, is of elongate rectangular shape with an above-ground and a below-ground portion and having an open bottom and a closed top. At the junction of these two portions, supporting feet are located which bridge a hole in the ground, in which the below-ground portion is inserted, to rest on the surrounding ground. A removable front plate provides access to the interior of the above-ground portion. The above-ground portion contains a cable hoop having a radius at least as great as the minimum allowable bending radius of the cable on which a loop of cable is trained after being led through the open bottom and out through the open above-ground front.