Abstract: The method of the present invention for separating bacteria includes passing a bacteria-containing liquid through a plural-coated-sintered inorganic membrane on a larger pore size inorganic ceramic support. By plural-coated-sintered is meant at least two sintered coatings of substantially similar pore size. The membrane on a ceramic support preferably includes a porous double-coated sintered ceramic oxide membrane on an alpha-alumina support.

Abstract: A pulse dampener for use in a pumping system including a reciprocating pump comprising a body having a cavity formed therein and a cover for sealed connection with the body. A diaphragm is secured between the body and the cover for sealing the cavity from said cover. The cover includes an inlet and outlet and the cover and the diaphragm cooperate to define a liquid flow path through the pulse dampener. The body also includes a gas inlet means for receiving gas into a chamber defined by the cavity and the diaphragm. A gas is supplied into the chamber such as to provide a smooth flow through the pumping system. An associated method is also provided.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for separating pyrogens includes passing a pyrogen-containing liquid through a zirconium oxide membrane on a ceramic support. The membrane on ceramic support preferably includes a porous sintered zircondium oxide membrane on alpha-alumina support.

Abstract: As used to provide an effluent, from which ion-exchange capacity of a sample of a selected type of ion-exchange resin can be determined analytically, an apparatus comprises a column, which is adapted to contain the sample, a solenoid valve, which controls an effluent from an outlet of the column, a solenoid valve, which when opened allows a regenerating agent to flow into an inlet of the column, a solenoid valve, which when opened allows a rinsing agent to flow into the inlet of the column, a solenoid valve, which when opened allows an exhausting agent to flow into the inlet of the conduit, and electronic sequencing means, which operates sequentially for certain specified functions involving the solenoid valves.