Abstract: A system and method of generating and trading a CO2 commodity that is correlated to a quantified amount of CO2 sequestered in a CO2 sequestering product comprising a carbonate and/or a bicarbonate. The tradable commodity can be purchased or sold for use in managing CO2 emissions.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing and producing compositions with negative ?13C values are provided. Aspects of the invention include characterizing source materials and process products. Aspects of the invention also include compositions that contain carbon with negative ?13C values. Methods and techniques are provided for confirming that a given composition contains substances sequestered from a particular source e.g., fossil fuels.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing and producing compositions with negative ?13C values are provided. Aspects of the invention include characterizing source materials and process products. Aspects of the invention also include compositions that contain carbon with negative ?13C values.

Abstract: A system and method of generating and trading a CO2 commodity that is correlated to a quantified amount of CO2 sequestered in a CO2 sequestering product comprising a carbonate and/or a bicarbonate. The tradable commodity can be purchased or sold for use in managing CO2 emissions.

Abstract: A rope spinning toy is provided having a spindle which can be grasped at either end and wherein one portion of the spindle is longer than the other and can be shortened by the user so that as the user becomes more expert, the spindle can be shortened. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an improved form of loop closure or honda is also provided which permits a light weight cord such as venetian blind cord of small diameter to be used to simulate certain rope-spinning feats that are customarily performed only with a heavier rope or lariat.