Abstract: Bacterial immunity proteins are utilized to increase immune response to an antigen of interest.

Abstract: Bacterial immunity proteins are utilized to increase immune response to an antigen of interest.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the utilization of bacterial cell-free extracts in the synthesis of polypeptides containing unnatural amino acids at one or more specified residues of the polypeptide.

Abstract: Polypeptide linkers with defined tertiary structures, usually of defined alpha helical structure, are used to join two domains in a fusion protein. In one embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for the cell-free synthesis of the fusion protein.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the utilization of bacterial cell-free extracts in the synthesis of high yields of virus like particles.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the in vitro synthesis of biological molecules in reaction mixtures comprising anti-foam agents. The reaction mix comprising antifoam agent may be a scaled up reaction, e.g. in reaction volume greater than at least about 15 ul. Reactions may be performed in various reactors, as known in the art, which include stirred reactors, bubble-column reactors; and the like.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the utilization of bacterial cell-free extracts in the synthesis of high yields of membrane- associated polypeptides.

Abstract: Biological macromolecules are synthesized in vitro under conditions wherein oxidative phosphorylation is activated.

Abstract: Enzymatically active hydrogenase is synthesized in a cell-free reaction. The hydrogenases are synthesized in a cell-free reaction comprising a cell extract derived from microbial strains expressing at least one hydrogenase accessory protein. In some embodiments, the extracts are produced under anerobic conditions.

Abstract: Biological macromolecules are synthesized in vitro under conditions and in a reaction composition wherein oxidative phosphorylation is activated and protein folding is improved.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of protein molecules, by optimizing the metabolism of amino acids present in the reaction mix, preferably all amino acids in the reaction mixture. By performing synthesis with extracts from genetically modified microbial strains that are deficient in multiple amino acid metabolizing enzymes reduces the enzymatic activities responsible for catalyzing these reactions and improves the overall yield of synthesis.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of polypeptides containing disulfide bonds. In order to improve the performance of in vitro protein synthesis reactions, pre-treatment and redox buffering of the reaction mix is performed in order to optimize the redox potential. Exogenous enzymes that enhance protein folding and disulfide bond formation may also be added to the reaction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of polypeptides. In order to improve the performance of in vitro protein synthesis reactions, metabolic inhibitors, or manipulation of a source organism, is used to diminish or avoid the action of enzymes responsible for undesirable amino acids production or depletion. A homeostatic system may be used for production of ATP, where the required high energy phosphate bonds are generated in situ, e.g. through coupling with an oxidation reaction. The homeostatic energy source will typically lack high energy phosphate bonds itself, and will therefore utilize free phosphate in the reaction mix during generation of ATP. The homeostatic energy source is provided in combination with an enzyme that catalyzes the creation of high energy phosphate bonds and with an enzyme that can use that high energy phosphate bond to regenerate ATP.

Abstract: Biological macromolecules are synthesized in vitro under conditions and in a reaction composition wherein oxidative phosphorylation is activated and protein folding is improved.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of polypeptides containing disulfide bonds. In order to improve the performance of in vitro protein synthesis reactions, pre-treatment and redox buffering of the reaction mix is performed in order to optimize the redox potential. Exogenous enzymes that enhance protein folding and disulfide bond formation may also be added to the reaction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of nucleic acids. Nucleoside monophosphates are converted to nucleoside triphosphates by in situ reactions to continuously supply the required nucleoside triphosphates. This approach provides for more homeostatic reaction conditions and lower costs.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of polypeptides containing disulfide bonds. In order to improve the performance of in vitro protein synthesis reactions, pre-treatment and redox buffering of the reaction mix is performed in order to optimize the redox potential. Exogenous enzymes that enhance protein folding and disulfide bond formation may also be added to the reaction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of polypeptides containing disulfide bonds. In order to improve the performance of in vitro protein synthesis reactions, pre-treatment and redox buffering of the reaction mix is performed in order to optimize the redox potential. Exogenous enzymes that enhance protein folding and disulfide bond formation may also be added to the reaction.