Abstract: A district energy system includes at least one energy provisioning unit, an energy management controller; a thermal distribution network coupled to the energy provisioning units and to a plurality of coupling interfaces connectable to the associated HVAC system of buildings within a district, and an electrical distribution network coupled to the energy provisioning units and to the coupling interfaces. The coupling interfaces may include both heat pumps and heat exchangers at each building, to provide heating, cooling and enable harvesting of normally wasted thermal energy from the buildings for re-distribution. The controller can manage the selection and number of energy provisioning units (and their operational set points) coupled to the district thermal distribution network and the electrical distribution network to meet the thermal and electrical demands of the district while satisfying other operational goals such as the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, turbulizer or heat transfer surface, and a method of making same wherein the turbulizer is a corrugated member having parallel, spaced-apart ridges and planar fins extending therebetween. The planar fins have spaced-apart apertures with opposed peripheral edge portions including transversely extending flanges.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, turbulizer or heat transfer surface, and a method of making same wherein the turbulizer is a corrugated member having parallel, spaced-apart ridges and planar fins extending therebetween. The planar fins have spaced-apart apertures with opposed peripheral edge portions including transversely extending flanges.

Abstract: A combined EGR cooler and non-thermal plasma device has first and second fluid passageways which are in heat exchange communication with one another. One or more electrodes are located in the second fluid passageway. The electrodes are connected to a voltage source. When a voltage of sufficient magnitude is applied to the electrodes, a non-thermal plasma is generated in the second fluid passageway. The device can be constructed in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a stacked-tube type heat exchanger, wherein the electrodes extend through the heat exchange tubes. Hot exhaust gases preferably flow through the tubes in heat exchange contact with a liquid coolant, thereby cooling the exhaust gases. The electrodes generate non-thermal plasma inside the tubes, converting at least a portion of the NO in the exhaust to NO2, which reacts with soot in the exhaust gases to generate CO2 and N2, thereby cleaning the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, turbulizer or heat transfer surface, and a method of making same wherein the turbulizer is a corrugated member having parallel, spaced-apart ridges and planar fins extending therebetween. The planar fins have spaced-apart apertures with opposed peripheral edge portions including transversely extending flanges.

Abstract: A combined EGR cooler and non-thermal plasma device has first and second fluid passageways which are in heat exchange communication with one another. One or more electrodes are located in the second fluid passageway. The electrodes are connected to a voltage source. When a voltage of sufficient magnitude is applied to the electrodes, a non-thermal plasma is generated in the second fluid passageway. The device can be constructed in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a stacked-tube type heat exchanger, wherein the electrodes extend through the heat exchange tubes. Hot exhaust gases preferably flow through the tubes in heat exchange contact with a liquid coolant, thereby cooling the exhaust gases. The electrodes generate non-thermal plasma inside the tubes, converting at least a portion of the NO in the exhaust to NO2, which reacts with soot in the exhaust gases to generate CO2 and N2, thereby cleaning the exhaust gases.